Table 1.
Risk of obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD on incidence of HCC
| Author, Year | Location | Cases | Study Type | Risk Measurement |
Reported Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity | |||||
| Moller et al,9 1994 | Denmark | 43,965 | Case control | RR | 1.9 |
| Wolk et al,10 2001 | Sweden | 28,129 | Case control | SIR | 2.4 |
| Calle et al,8 2003 | USA | 90,000 | Prospective | RR | 1.68 (F), 4.52 (M) |
| Oh et al,11 2005 | Korea | 781,283 | Prospective | RR | 1.56 |
| Larsson et al,12 2007 | NA | 11,079 | Meta-analysis | RR | 1.89 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Adami et al,15 1996 | Sweden | 153,852 | Case control | SIR | 4.1 |
| Wideroff et al,17 1997 | Denmark | 109,581 | Case control | SIR | 4 (M), 2.1 (F) |
| El-Serag et al,16 2004 | USA | 824,263 | Case control | HRR | 2.16 |
| Yang et al,18 2011 | NA | NR | Meta-analysis | RR | 1.87 |
| Wang et al,111 2012 | NA | NR | Meta-analysis | RR | 2.31 |
| NAFLD/NASH | |||||
| Adams et al,26 2005 | USA | 420 | Prospective | Prevalence | 0.5% |
| Ekstedt et al,24 2006 | Sweden | 129 | Prospective | Prevalence | 2.3% |
| Rafiq et al,25 2009 | USA | 173 | Retrospective | Prevalence | 0% NAFLD and 2.8% NASH |
| Ascha et al,28 2010 | USA | 195 | Retrospective | Prevalence | 12.8% in NASH cirrhosis |
Abbreviations: CC, cryptogenic cirrhosis; F, female; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HRR, hazard rate ratios; M, male; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.