. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 25.

Published in final edited form as: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Jan 11;45(5):617–630. doi: 10.1111/apt.13913

Table I ∣.

Summary of the most compelling evidence supporting dose optimisation of infliximab for acute severe UC

Reference	Design	Patients	Relevant finding
Kohn et al., 2007⁴⁴	Retrospective multicentre cohort	Hospitalised with acute severe UC or a moderately severe attack of UC (N = 83	Multiple inﬂiximab infusions reduce 2-month colectomy rate compared to a single infusion (5% vs. 35%, P = 0.001).
Seow et al., 2010³⁴	Retrospective single-centre cohort	Moderate-to- severe UC (N = 115)	An undetectable serum trough inﬂiximab concentration during induction treatment is associated with a nine-fold risk of colectomy (odds ratio 9.3; 95% CI 2.9 to 29.9; P 0.001) at a median of 5.3 months.
Kevans et al., 2014⁴²	Prospective single-centre cohort	Acute severe UC (N = 13)	An undetectable serum trough infliximab trough concentration during induction treatment is associated with treatment failure (with or without colectomy) at 30 weeks (no P value provided).
Gibson et al., 2015⁵⁰	Single-centre case-control	Acute severe UC (N = 50)	An accelerated infliximab induction regimen reduces the need for colectomy during induction treatment (6.7% vs. 40% for the standard 0, 2, and 6 week regimen, P = 0.039).
Arias et al., 2015⁴⁷	Retrospective single-centre cohort	Moderate-to-severe UC (N = 285)	A week 14 serum trough infliximab trough concentration > 2.5 lg/mL predicts colectomy-free survival (P = 0.034) at a median of 64.4 months.
Govanni et al., 2016⁵¹	Single-centre case-control	Acute severe UC (N =57)	An accelerated infliximab induction regimen reduces the need for colectomy within the first 90 days (12.1% vs 47.1% for the standard 0, 2 and 6 week regimen, P = 0.01).
Choy et al., 2016⁵²	Retrospective multicentre cohort	Acute severe UC (N= 41)	No difference in 3- and 12-month colectomy rate between the standard 0, 2 and 6 week, and an accelerated infliximab induction regimen despite a higher baseline CRP and CRP/albumin ratio (both predictors of poor outcome) in patients that received the accelerated induction regimen.
Brandse et al., 2016³²	Prospective single-centre cohort	Moderate-to-severe UC (N = 19)	A high baseline serum CRP (≥ 50 mg/L) and low serum albumin (≤ 25 g/L) concentration correlate with low infliximab drug exposure during induction treatment which in turn is associated with a lack of endoscopic response at week 6 (P = 0.03).
Ungar et al., 2016³³	Multicentre case-control	Acute severe or moderately severe UC (N = 32)	Lower infliximab trough concentrations at week 14 in acute severe UC patients as compared to patients with moderately active disease (P = 0.007).