Table 1.
Novel Drugs for cholestatic liver diseases
| Class | Drug | Mechanism of action | Trial |
| Bile acid | UDCA | Increases biliary bicarbonates; Anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory | |
| Nor UDCA | Cholehepatic; shunting; Choleretic | NCT01755517 | |
| FXR ligands | Obetocholic acid | Reduced hepatic bile salt synthesis; Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulator, Choleretic | POISE COBALT AESOP |
| GS9674 | NCT02854605 | ||
| LJN452/Tropifexor | NCT02516605 | ||
| FGF-19 mimetics | NGM 282 | Reduced bile acid synthesis | NCT02135536 |
| TGR5 agonist | INT-777 | Decreased bile acid pool, Choleretic, Anti-inflammatory, improves intestinal barrier | Not in trial |
| INT-767 | Not in trial | ||
| PPAR agonist | Banzfibrate | Increase biliary phospholipid concentration, Anti-inflammatory | NCT01654731 |
| MBX-8025 | NCT02609048 | ||
| Elafibrinor | NASH trials | ||
| ASBT inhibitor | A4250 | Dose dependent reduction in bile acids | |
| Maralixibat | CLARITY | ||
| GSK2330672 | |||
| Immunomodulator | FFP-104 | Anti CD40 human monoclonal IgG4 | NCT02193360 |
UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; ASBT: Apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; TGR: Transmembrane G coupled receptor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.