Table 4.
Factors associated with respiratory/allergic phenotypes from birth to age 6 in the PELAGIE cohort
| Phenotypes | p-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Transient cough | Eczema/cough | Wheeze/cough | Mixed | ||
| N = 229 | N = 238 | N = 87 | N = 82 | N = 58 | ||
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |||
| Maternal and family characteristics | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy ≥ 30 (vs. <30) | ref. | 1.8 (0.6–5.0) | 2.9 (0.9–9.7) | 0.8 (0.2–2.7) | 2.4 (0.6–9.0) | 0.33 |
| Maternal age at inclusion ≥ 35 years (vs. <35 years) | ref. | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.03 |
| Parous (vs. nulliparous) at inclusion | ref. | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 3.1 (1.6–5.7) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 0.01 |
| Maternal smoking at inclusion1 | ref. | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 2.4 (1.2–4.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.06 |
| Family history of allergy1 | ref. | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 2.2 (1.2–4.0) | 2.5 (1.3–4.8) | 0.06 |
| Child’s characteristics | ||||||
| Male gender | ref. | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.6 |
| Cesarean delivery (vs. vaginal) | ref. | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 0.6 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding ≥ 3 months1 | ref. | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 1.1 (0.7–2.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 0.1 |
| Environmental characteristics | ||||||
| ETS at home since birth (yes) | ref. | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | 0.7 |
| Time spent in rooms cleaned with bleach1 | ref. | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.3 |
| Use of glues for renovation activities (<age 2)1 | ref. | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 2.3 (1.2–4.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.1 |
| Use of glycerophtalic/acrylic paints for renovation activities in the first two years of life 1 | ref. | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.6 (0.8–3.0) | 0.8 (0.3–1.5) | 2.1 (1.0–4.4) | 0.1 |
| Pets at home since birth | ref. | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.5 |
| Child’s mattress ≥3 years old | ref. | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.0) | 0.2 |
| Child’s bedroom aerated less than once a day1 | ref. | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 1.0 |
| Individual heating using gas/fuel oil/wood/chimneys1 | ref. | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 1.0 |
CI confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratio
Multinomial logistic regression model [the dependent variable is the five-cluster solution variable obtained in the cluster analysis, (ref = Reference phenotype)]. All the independent variables used in the final model are shown in this table. R-square of the full model was 0.14. Bold aORs differ significantly from the reference (p < 0.05), 1: vs. no