Online only Table 1.

Description of data sources, including personal communication, by country and year data acquired and total number of public health facilities assembled for each country. The data sources are listed chronologically with the main data sources listed first. Notes indicate details of the final state of the health facility list in each country after data cleaning, abstraction and geocoding.

Country	Sources of database	Year	MFL available online & geocoded	MFL available online & not geocoded	Maps available online & digitized	Total number of health facilities assembled (% geocoded)	Notes
Angola	• Personal communication	2013 & 2017	N	N	N	1,575 (91)	Non-hospitals (Lower level facilities) data missing in 10 provinces; 140 missing coordinates
Benin	• (https://docplayer.fr/75764654-Republique-du-benin-ministere-de-la-sante.html) • Personal communication	2017 2014	N	N	Y	819 (100)
Botswana	• (http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries–Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/About-MOH/About-MOH/)	2015	N	Y	N	624 (96)	22 missing coordinates
Burkina Faso	• (http://www.cns.bf/IMG/pdf/carte_sanitaire_2010.pdf) • Personal communication	2012 2012	N	N	Y	1,721 (100)
Burundi	• (https://insp.bi/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Rapport-FOSA-d%C3%A9finitif-final-23-01-2014.pdf)	2016	Y	N	N	665 (100)
Cameroon	• (https://www.dhis-minsante-cm.org/portal/) • Personal communication	2017 2014	N	N	Y	3,061 (99)	42 missing coordinates
Cape Verde	• (https://www.minsaude.gov.cv/index.php/documentosite/238-plano-nacional-de-desenvolvimento-sanitario-vol-i/file) • (http://www.caboverde-info.com/Sociedade)	2016 2016	N	N	Y	66 (98)	1 missing coordinate
Central African Republic	• (https://www.healthsites.io/) • Personal communication	2018 2014	Y	N	N	555 (98)	10 missing coordinates
Chad	• (https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/tcd_rpt_annuairesstatistiquessanitaires_ministeresante_2013.pdf) • (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/chad-gis-geodatabase) • Personal communication	2013 2016 2013	N	Y	N	1,283 (96)	54 missing coordinates
Comoros	• (https://docplayer.fr/29010911-Profil-du-systeme-de-sante.html)	2016	N	Y	N	66 (98)	1 missing coordinate
Congo	• Personal communication	2014	N	N	N	328 (98)	7 missing coordinates
Cote d’Ivoire	• (http://www.synamepci.org/synamep/doc/CARTE_SANITAIRE/CARTE_SANITAIRE_2010_22.02.12.VF.pdf) • Personal communication	2014 2014	N	N	Y	1792 (99)	25 missing coordinates
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)	• Personal communication • (https://web-archive.lshtm.ac.uk/www.linkmalaria.org/sites/link/files/content/country/profiles/DRC%20Final%20Report%20June%20(240614).pdf) • (http://www.finddiagnostics.org/programs/hat-ond/hat/health_facilities.html)	2014, 2017, 2018 2014 2013	N	N	N	14,586 (100)
Djibouti	• (http://www.sante.gouv.dj/Carte%20sanitaires.htm) • (http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17292e/s17292e.pdf)	2012 2016	N	N	Y	66 (98)	1 missing coordinate
Equatorial Guinea	• Personal communication	2017 2017	N	N	Y	47 (100)
Eritrea	• (https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2017-05/eritrea-health-mdgs-report-2014.pdf) • Personal communication	2014 2016	N	N	Y	269 (100)
eSwatini	• (https://www.shbcare.org/docs/SAM.pdf) • Published paper31 • Personal communication	2018 2014 2013	N	N	Y	135 (98)	3 missing coordinates
Ethiopia	• Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency43 • (https://ideas.lshtm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Berhanu_DIPH_Ethiopia_17Sept2013.pdf)	2015 2015	N	N	Y	5,215 (99)	39 missing coordinates
Gabon	• (http://csgabon.info/file/f2/Annuaire%20statistique%20sante%202011.pdf) • Personal communication	2011 2013	N	N	Y	542 (98)	10 missing coordinates
Gambia	• (http://www.moh.gov.gm/public) • (https://www.mindbank.info/item/5970)	2015	N	Y	N	103 (98)	2 missing coordinates
Ghana	(http://data.gov.gh/dataset/health-facilities)	2017	Y	N	N	1,960 (96)	82 missing coordinates
Guinea	(https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/health-centers-data-base)	2015	Y	N	N	1,746 (87)	225 missing coordinates
Guinea-Bissau	• Google Earth44	2017	N	N	Y	8 (100)	Only hospitals data available
Kenya	• (http://kmhfl.health.go.ke/) • (https://hiskenya.org/dhis-web-commons/security/login.action) • Published papers10,32	2016 2016 2004, 2009	N	Y	N	6,146 (98)	102 missing coordinates
Lesotho	• (http://www.chal.org.ls/hospitals.php) • (https://www.hfgproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesotho-Health-Systems-Assessment-2010.pdf)	2016 2016	N	Y	N	117 (92)	9 missing coordinates
Liberia	• (https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/dataset/health-facilities-liberia-oct-2014) • (https://www.lisgis.net/index.php)	2015 2016	Y	N	N	740 (100)
Madagascar	• Personal communication	2012	N	N	N	2,677 (99)	13 missing coordinates
Malawi	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/malawi-health) • (http://www.cham.org.mw/uploads/7/3/0/8/73088105/cham_health_facilities_-_1_june_2016.pdf) • Personal communication	2017 2016 2013	Y	N	N	648 (99)	9 missing coordinates
Mali	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/mali-healthsites) • (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/mali-healthsites/resource/e152bb47-e14c-471c-b47d-0cc93da531db) • (http://www.washclustermali.org/sites/default/files/micro-coordination_wash_dans_cscoms_et_csrefs_19-02-2013.xls)	2017 2016 2017	Y	N	N	1478 (98)	30 missing coordinates
Mauritania	• (http://cartesanitairemauritanie.blogspot.com/)	2017	N	N	Y	645 (100)	50 missing facility names
Mauritius	• (http://health.govmu.org/English/Pages/default.aspx)	2018	N	N	Y	166 (100)
Mozambique	• (http://sis-ma.in/?page_id=740) • Personal communication	2017 2013	Y	N	N	1,579 (100)
Namibia	• (https://mfl.mhss.gov.na/location-manager/locations)	2018	Y	N	N	369 (97)	10 clinics missing coordinates
Niger	• (http://www.who.int/hac/crises/ner/maps/ne_poster.jpg?ua=1) • Personal communication	2017 2013	N	N	Y	2,886 (98)	46 missing coordinates
Nigeria	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/nigeria-healthsites) • Personal communication	2016 2012	Y	N	N	20,807 (95)	1,114 missing coordinates
Rwanda	• (https://hmis.moh.gov.rw/) • Personal communication	2017 2014	Y	N	N	572 (100)
São Tomé & Príncipe	• (https://repositorio.hff.min-saude.pt/bitstream/10400.10/440/1/Apresentacao%201.pdf)	2016	N	N	Y	50 (100)	Facility names missing except for hospitals
Senegal	• (http://www.sante.gouv.sn/ckfinder/userfiles/files/cartesanonze.pdf) • Personal communication	2017 2015	N	Y	N	1,347 (93)	91 missing coordinates
Seychelles	• (https://www.seychellespromo.com/guide/Medical)	2018	N	Y	N	18 (100)
Sierra Leone	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/health-facilities-in-guinea-liberia-mali-and-sierra-leone/resource/816718bb-4929-49f0-854d-85b24a0bdb69)	2017	Y	N	N	1,120 (100)
Somalia	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/somalia-health-facilities)(https://reliefweb.int/map/somalia/somalia-functioning-health-facilities-april-june-2013) • UNICEF & WHO report45	2016 2013 2013	Y	N	N	879 (96)	39 missing coordinates
South Africa	• (https://dd.dhmis.org/orgunits.html?file=NIDS%20Integrated&source=nids) • Personal communication	2017 2017	Y	N	N	4,303 (99)	15 missing coordinates
South Sudan	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/south-sudan-health)	2017	Y	N	N	1,747 (99)	13 missing coordinates
Sudan	• Personal communication	2016	N	N	N	272 (96)	Only hospitals data available; 10 missing coordinates
Tanzania (mainland)	• (http://hfrportal.ehealth.go.tz/index.php?r=facilities/facilitiesList)	2018	Y	N	N	6,304 (100)
Togo	• (www.stat-togo.org/nada/index.php/catalog/29/download/990) • (https://www.feuvert-dev.org/uploads/files/Rapport%20de%20mission%20Coordinatrice%20AlterSant_%20-%20partenaires.pdf)	2017 2017	N	Y	N	207 (85)	31 missing coordinates
Uganda	• (http://library.health.go.ug/publications/health-infrastructure-physical-infrastructure/health-facility-inventory) • Personal communication	2018 2017	N	Y	N	3,792 (97)	115 missing coordinates
Zambia	• (http://www.moh.gov.zm/docs/facilities.pdf) • Personal communication	2017 2012	N	Y	N	1,263 (99)	4 missing coordinates
Zanzibar	• (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjNrNDQ7cXiAhURzoUKHRsRCm8QFjAAegQIBBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftanzania.um.dk%2F~%2Fmedia%2FTanzania%2FDocuments%2FHealth%2FZanzibar%2520Strategic%2520Plan%252014%2520-%252018.pdf%3Fla%3Den&usg=AOvVaw3VMLPmQGTMK3Ftm02R_NqP) • Personal communication	2013 2013	N	N	Y	145 (100)
Zimbabwe	• (https://data.humdata.org/dataset/zimbabwe-health) • (http://www.tarsc.org/publications/documents/REBUILD%20Gap%20Analysis%20Survey%20Rep%20Final%20Nov%202014.pdf)	2016 2017 2017	Y	N	N	1,236 (97)	35 missing coordinates

Note: Abbreviations MFL - Master Facility List; INGO - Inter-Governmental Organization; WHO - World Health Organization; UNOCHA HDX- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Data Exchange; HMIS - Health Management Information System; UNICEF - United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.