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. 2019 Jul 25;10:3320. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11147-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — IFN-γ-mediated reprogramming of TLR4-induced transcriptome in human macrophages. a Experimental design: human CD14⁺ monocyte-derived macrophages underwent one of four different combinations of priming for 48 h with IFN-γ before stimulation with LPS (or not) for 3 h: without priming or stimulation (R); primed with IFN-γ without LPS stimulation (G); LPS stimulation only with no priming (L); or primed with IFN-γ and stimulated with LPS (GL). b K-means (K = 6) clustering of 3,909 differentially expressed genes in any pairwise comparison among four conditions. Clusters are indicated on the left. c Examples of expression of select genes from the six clusters identified in a. Each dot in the bar plot represents one donor and error bars represent standard deviation. d Heatmap showing the P-value significance of GO term enrichment for genes in each cluster. e Heatmap showing the relative expression of representative cluster IV genes that are inducible by IL-10 (left), cluster IV genes that are not inducible by IL-10 (middle), and cluster V genes. Distinct biological functions are indicated on the left. IL-10-inducible genes were obtained from GSE43700. f Volcano plot of transcriptomic changes between LPS (L) and IFN-γ-primed LPS-stimulated (GL) macrophages; colored dots correspond to genes with significant (FDR < 0.01) and greater than two-fold expression changes. Data from two independent experiments with different donors are depicted