FIGURE 1.

The schematic draw of the experimental setting and the time course of the experiments. (A) The owner sat on the chair in front of the audience, and dog only could watch the owner in the sessions. In cases, if the dogs showing separation distress from the owner, the owner sat on the chair close to the dogs. (B) In the stress session, 5 min of explanation of the document to the audience, followed by 5 min arithmetic tasks were given to the owner. In the control session, the owner just read the document. The audience was not allowed to give voice communication to the owner in either session.