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. 2019 Jul 25;9:10808. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47149-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antiviral effector function and phenotype of HBcAg-specific CD8 T cells in AAV-HBV replicating mice after therapeutic vaccination in combination with CpG injection. (a) Liver damage as determined serum ALT at d31 after start of vaccination and d3 after CpG-injection. (b) Intracellular staining for GzmB and IFNγ in hepatic CD8 T cells following ex vivo restimulation with an HBcore peptide. (c,d) Numbers and expression levels of GzmB and IFNγ in HBcAg-specific CD8 T cells after ex vivo restimulation. Bars in (a,c,d) indicate mean value of n ≥ 3 mice per group + SEM. Statistical analyses was performed using (a,d) Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison correction and (d) unpaired t-test. Asterisks mark statistically significant differences: *p < 0.05; ns – not significant; n.d. – not detectable.