FIG 3.

aroA inhibition attenuates K. pneumoniae growth in the lungs. (A) The indicated strains were grown in L with or without iron-chelator DIP (0.25 or 1 mM) for 16 h. (B) WT K. pneumoniae was grown in M9+glucose for 16 h in a dose curve of glyphosate. The OD₆₃₀ after 16 h of growth is shown. (C) Strains were grown in M9+glucose with 10 mM phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), or tyrosine (Y) and/or 250 μg/ml glyphosate (G) as indicated. (D and E) Swiss-Webster (D) or αLy6G (E) mice were infected with 2 × 10⁴ CFU of WT and mock treated with PBS (circles) or 0.5 mg of glyphosate (triangles) at 6 and 24 hpi and harvested at 30 hpi, and the CFU from the lungs were determined. Each symbol represents a mouse; the bar represents the geometric mean. Experiments were performed independently at least twice with three technical replicates (A to C) or at least three times (D and E) with two to four mice per cohort. The data are from representative experiments (A to C) or combined from all experiments (D and E). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s posttest on EC₅₀ values (A), Student t test on log-transformed values (D), or Mann-Whitney test (E). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001.