Table 4.

The association between discrimination and mental health symptoms^a,b

	Russian origin		Somali origin		Kurdish origin
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
	(n = 456)	(n = 455)	(n = 344)	(n = 341)	(n = 493)	(n = 489)
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Perceived discrimination			NA
No experiences of discrimination	1.00	1.00			1.00	1.00
Subtle discrimination onlyc	2.37 (1.23–4.57)	2.40 (1.24–4.64)			1.74 (1.06–2.86)	1.95 (1.17–3.25)
Overtd or subtle and overt experiences	2.59 (1.35–4.97)	2.45 (1.22–4.90)			1.67 (1.07–2.63)	2.02 (1.28-3.21)
Age, years (continuous)	1.03 (1.01–1.06)	1.03 (1.00–1.05)			1.02 (1.00–1.04)	1.03 (1.01–1.07)
Gender: men	1.00	1.00			1.00	1.00
Gender (women)	3.18 (1.55–6.51)	3.20 (1.55–6.33)			3.25 (2.24–4.72)	3.70 (2.52–5.43)
Education level: high school	––	1.00			––	1.00
Education level (less than high school)	––	1.34 (0.67–2.67)			––	2.08 (1.41–3.08)
Time in Finland, years (continuous)	––	1.03 (0.98–1.08)			––	0.93 (0.89–0.97)
Region of residence: other	––	1.00			––	1.00
Region of residence: capital city area	––	1.65 (0.89–3.06)			––	1.77 (1.19–2.61)

OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.

Model 1 adjusting for age and gender.

Model 2 adjusting for age, gender, education level (high school), time since migration and region of residence in Finland.

^aLogistic regression, modeling the probability of having mental health symptoms.

^bMental health symptoms measured using the HSCL-25 and cut-off point > 1.75 (participants who had responded to at least 20 items of the HSCL were included in the analysis).

^cReporting being treated with less courtesy than others and/or treated with less respect than others.

^dReporting being called names or insulted and/or threatened or harassed.

NA not applicable (too few observations for statistical analysis for those reporting mental health symptoms).