Table 2.

Cardiovascular remodelling

Parameter	Male		Female		Two‐way ANOVA
	Control	HFSS diet	Control	HFSS diet	Gender	Diet	Interaction
Biometry
Heart/tibia, mg/cm	7.72 ± 1.32	9.19 ± 0.66a	6.09 ± 0.48b	6.78 ± 0.52b	<0.0001	0.005	NS
LV/tibia, mg/cm	5.29 ± 0.94	5.92 ± 0.60	4.32 ± 0.34	4.45 ± 0.31b	0.0002	NS	NS
LV/heart, mg/mg	0.69 ± 0.021	0.66 ± 0.030	0.67 ± 0.054	0.66 ± 0.037	NS	NS	NS
Left ventricle
Free wall, mm	1.39 ± 0.11	1.25 ± 0.12	1.02 ± 0.14b	1.16 ± 0.16	0.0013	NS	0.03
Interventricular septum, mm	1.45 ± 0.09	1.58 ± 0.08	1.16 ± 0.33	1.30 ± 0.10	0.0019	NS	NS
Lumen diameter, mm	1.35 ± 0.07	1.86 ± 0.13a	0.95 ± 0.14b	1.27 ± 0.05a,b	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.04
Free wall: Lumen	1.04 ± 0.12	0.67 ± 0.07a	1.07 ± 0.07	0.91 ± 0.13b	0.0084	<0.0001	0.03
IV Septum: Lumen	1.09 ± 0.12	0.85 ± 0.09	1.20 ± 0.18	1.02 ± 0.08	0.015	0.0011	NS
Intramyocardial arteries
MT, μm	7.63 ± 1.54	14.68 ± 4.10a	8.32 ± 0.93	10.91 ± 1.82	NS	0.0003	NS
Lumen diameter, μm	44.1 ± 5.9	80.7 ± 30.1a	32.9 ± 3.7	70.0 ± 9.8a	NS	<0.0001	NS
MT: Lumen	0.178 ± 0.052	0.197 ± 0.072a	0.256 ± 0.039	0.156 ± 0.015	NS	NS	NS
Thoracic aorta
MT, μm	43.4 ± 0.41	55.2 ± 1.34a	43.6 ± 3.7	52.6 ± 0.59a	NS	<0.0001	NS
Lumen diameter, μm	522.2 ± 71.0	561.9 ± 45.3	450.8 ± 64.9	469.3 ± 18.6b	0.0012	NS	NS
MT: Lumen	0.085 ± 0.013	0.099 ± 0.008a	0.089 ± 0.10	0.112 ± 0.004a	0.02	<0.0001	NS

Data are mean ± SD, P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: HFSS, high‐fat, high‐sucrose and high‐salt diet; LV, left ventricle; MT, media thickness; NS, non‐significant; IV, interventricular.

^aControl (same gender).

^bMale (similar diet).