Table 4.

SOD1 palmitoylation and nitration sites. Summary of SOD1 palmitoylation and nitration sites described in this paper.

Species	Residue	Modification	Modifying Enzyme (if known); Potential Location of PTM	Significance	Reference
human	Cys6	palmitoylation		mutation to C6S (preventing palmitoylation) reduces enzymatic activity and nuclear transport	Marin, 2012
				palmitoylation levels correlate with membrane-bound levels; likely palmitoylated prior to maturation	Antinone, 2013
human	Cys6, Cys111, Cys57 and/or Cys146	palmitoylation		trend of higher palmitoylation on SOD1 in ALS patients (although not significant); hypothesized to play a role in maturation by anchoring SOD1 to the membrane	Antinone, 2017
human	Trp32	nitration		partial loss of dismutase activity	Yamakura, 2001; Yamakura, 2005
human	Trp32			substitution of Trp-32 with Phenylalanine decreases cytotoxicity and aggregation propensity of fALS mutant of SOD1	Taylor, 2007
bovine	unknown	nitration		no effect on dismutase activity	Ischiropoulos, 1992