Table 1: Completed Randomised Trials into Curcurmin.

Study	Purpose	Subjects and Treatment	Endpoint	Results
Adibian et al. 2019[56]	To investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on systemic inflammation, serum levels of adiponectin and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes	44 people with type 2 diabetes 1.5 g curcumin or placebo daily for 10 weeks	hs-CRP	Compared with control, curcumin decreased hs-CRP significantly (p<0.05)
Jazayeri-Tehrani et al. 2019[47]	To determine the effects of nanocurcumin on overweight/obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients by assessing glucose, lipids, inflammation, insulin resistance and liver function indices, especially through nesfatin	84 overweight/obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Placebo or 40 mg nanocurcumin (Sinacurcumin®) twice a day for 3 months	TNF-alpha, hs-CRP, IL-6	Compared with placebo, nanocurcumin significantly decreased levels of TNF-alpha, hs-CRP and IL-6 (p<0.05)
Krishnareddy et al. 2019[57]	To investigate the efficacy of a novel food-grade free-curcuminoid delivery system in improving markers of hepatic function (inflammation and oxidative stress) in chronic alcoholics	48 subjects with elevated serum transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels Placebo or 250 mg curcumin-galactomannoside complex twice daily for 8 weeks	IL-6, C-reactive protein, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase	Compared to both baseline and the placebo group, curcumin-galactomannoside complex significantly increased levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and decreased IL-6 and C-reactive protein (p<0.001)
Mohammadi et al, 2018[58]	To investigate the effects of unformulated curcumin and phospholipidated curcumin on anti-Hsp27 in patients with metabolic syndrome	120 patients with metabolic syndrome 1 g curcumin, phospholipidated curcumin per day or placebo for 6 weeks	Anti-Hsp27	Curcumin and phospholipidated curcumin did not modify anti-Hsp27 concentration
Vors et al. 2018[59]	To investigate: the bioavailability of resveratrol consumed in combination with curcumin after consumption of a high-fat meal; and the acute combined effects of this combination on the postprandial inflammatory response of subjects with abdominal obesity	22 healthy subjects 2 resveratorol/curcumin capsules (100 mg resveratorol sustained-release complex plus 50 mg curcumin sustained-release complex) or placebo (cellulose) before consuming the high-fat meal	IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, C-reactive protein, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, soluble E-selectin	Resveratorol/curcumin significantly decreased the cumulative postprandial response of sVCAM-1 compared to placebo (p=0.01)
Panahi et al. 2018[60]	To evaluate the impact of curcuminoids plus piperine administration on glycaemic, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes	100 patients with type 2 diabetes Curcuminoids 500 mg/day co-administered with piperine 5 mg/day or placebo for 3 months	hs-CRP	No significant differences in hs-CRP concentrations were observed between curcuminoids and placebo groups
Funamoto et al. 2016[40]	To evaluate the efficacy of curcumin using dispersion technology in patients with mild COPD by examining its effects on oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers	39 subjects with stage 1–2 COPD 90 mg curcumin (Theracurmin®) or placebo twice a day for 24 weeks	C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, IL-6, SAA-LDL, alpha-1-antitrypsin-LDL	Percentage change in alpha1-antitrypsin-LDL level was significantly lower in the curcumin group compared with placebo (p=0.02)
Panahi et al. 2016[61]	To investigate the efficacy of curcuminoids in reducing systemic oxidative burden in people with knee osteoarthritis	40 patients with mild-to-moderate primary knee osteoarthritis 1.5 g curcuminoid per day in three divided doses co-administered with 15 mg piperine per day or placebo capsules for a period of 6 weeks	Superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde	Curcuminoids induced significant elevation in serum superoxide dismutase activities (p<0.001), a borderline significant elevation in glutathione concentrations (p=0.064) and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde concentrations (p=0.044) compared with placebo
Panahi et al. 2015[62]	To study the effectiveness of supplementation with a bioavailable curcuminoid preparation on measures of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome	117 subjects with metabolic syndrome (according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria) 500 mg curcuminoids (Curcumin C3 Complex®) co-administered with 5 mg piperine or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks	Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, hs-CRP	Curcuminoid-piperine significantly improved serum superoxide dismutase activities (p<0.001) and reduced malondialdehyde (p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (p<0.001) concentrations compared with placebo
Usharani et al. 2018[63]	To compare the effects of NCB-02 (a standardised preparation of curcuminoids), atorvastatin and placebo on endothelial function and its biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes	72 patients with type 2 diabetes 2 NCB-02 capsules (150 mg curcumin) twice daily, 10 mg atorvastatin once daily or placebo for 8 weeks	Malondialdehyde, IL-6, TNF-alpha	Patients receiving curcumin showed significant reductions in the levels of malondialdehyde, IL-6 and TNF-alpha

Anti-Hsp27 = antibody titers to heat shock protein 27; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL = interleukin; MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; SAA-LDL = serum amyloid A-LDL complex; sICAM-1 = soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1 = soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; TNF- alpha = tumour necrosis factor-alpha.