Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants of the German Day-Care Study for the sample with 12-months follow-up data (n = 304)
| Characteristics | Intervention group | Control group | Test for group differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 173) | (n = 131) | (p) | |
| Caregiver (CG) | |||
| Age, M (SD) | 60.0 (11.8) | 59.0 (11.3) | .463a |
| Women, no. (%) | 128 (74.0) | 99 (75.6) | .753b |
| Educational attainment (yrs.), M (SD)i | 10.8 (2.8) | 10.8 (2.8) | .809a |
| Occupation: Employed, no. (%) | 89 (51.4) | 72 (55.0) | .543b |
| Marital status, no. (%) | .755 b | ||
| Married/long-term relationship | 133 (76.9) | 103 (78.6) | |
| Widowed/Divorced | 24 (13.9) | 19 (14.5) | |
| Single | 16 (9.2) | 9 (6.9) | |
| Relationship to care recipient, no. (%) | .846 b | ||
| Spouse | 50 (28.9) | 36 (27.5) | |
| Son/daughter (in-law) | 113 (65.3) | 89 (67.9) | |
| Others | 10 (5.8) | 6 (4.6) | |
| Caregiver burden (BSFC-s), M (SD) | 11.7 (8.0) | 13.0 (7.5) | .157a |
| Depressiveness (WHO-5), M (SD) | 12.0 (6.0) | 12.0 (5.6) | .799a |
| Benefits (BIZA-D), M (SD) | 12.7 (4.9) | 12.5 (5.5) | .747a |
| Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L), M (SD) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | .140a |
| Person with cognitive impairment (PCI) | |||
| Age, M (SD) | 81.1 (7.4) | 81.0 (7.6) | .843a |
| Women, no. (%) | 107 (61.8) | 82 (62.6) | .894b |
| Educational attainment (yrs.), M (SD) | 9.8 (2.5) | 9.6 (2.2) | .566a |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE), M (SD)ii | 19.7 (4.7) | 19.7 (4.7) | .931a |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 25.8 (1.5) | 26.2 (1.5) | .215a |
| Mild dementia | 20.5 (1.8) | 20.5 81.7) | .986a |
| Moderate dementia | 14.5 (2.4) | 14.9 (2.0) | .349a |
| Activities of daily living (ETAM), M (SD) | 18.0 (7.0) | 17.8 (7.4) | .881a |
| Social behavior (NOSGER), M (SD) | 15.5 (4.2) | 15.5 (4.4) | .943a |
| Neuropsychiatric symptomatology (NPI), M (SD) | 5.0 (2.7) | 5.3 (2.7) | .272a |
| Care level, no. (%)iii | .408b | ||
| None | 7 (4.0) | 12 (9.2) | |
| 0 | 16 (9.2) | 13 (9.9) | |
| 1 | 95 (54.9) | 63 (48.1) | |
| 2 | 53 (30.6) | 42 (32.1) | |
| 3 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Use of anti-dementive medication, no. (%)iv | 120 (69.4) | 98 (74.8) | .297b |
| Care situation | |||
| Main caregiver, no. (%) | 153 (88.4) | 119 (90.8) | .499b |
| Sole informal caregiver, no. (%) | 97 (56.1) | 70 (53.4) | .648b |
| Living together, no. (%) | 82 (47.4) | 59 (45.0) | .683b |
| Duration of informal care (month), M (SD) | 61.5 (50.1) | 60.3 (55.1) | .846a |
| Frequency of day-care use per week, M (SD)v | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | .809a |
| Informal care time per day (h), M (SD)vi | 3.0 (2.1) | 3.1 (2.0) | .538a |
| No. of additional offers of formal care support, M (SD)vii | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.3) | .761a |
| Use of other offers of caregiver counseling (%)viii | 44 (25.4) | 47 (35.9) | .058b |
i Minimum: 7 yrs. (no compulsory school-leaving certificate) – Maximum: 18 yrs. (university degree)
ii Mild Cognitive Impairment: MMSE 30–24, Mild dementia: MMSE 23–18, Moderate dementia: MMSE 17–10
iii Extent to which nursing care is needed according to the German Health and Care Insurance: none (no needs), 0 (low needs), 1 (moderate needs), 2 (high needs), and 3 (very high needs)
iv Intake of memantine or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
v Average frequency per week in the first month
vi Hours of average informal care per day adjusted for day-care attendance at baseline
vii Sum index of (in addition to day-care) formal care and support offers used (care service, care group, meals on wheels, respite care, ambulatory care service, home help service)
viii Displays the use of either one: caregiver skill training/counseling service for caregivers/support group for caregivers at the beginning of the study
a t-Test/U-Test
b Chi-square Test