. 2019 Jul 25;19:196. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1207-y

Table 4.

Subgroup-specific descriptive statistics for change in the dependent variables caregiver burden/depressiveness by the severity of cognitive impairment (n = 304)

Variable		Descriptives		t-test for independent samples		Effect size for mean difference
Variable		Mean Diff. (T2-T0)	Standard Deviation	t (df)	p-value	Cohen’s d [95% CI]
Caregiver Burden	Severity
IG (N = 41)	MCI	−.46^a	4.67	t (69) = 1.56	.124	0.374 [−0.109; 0.857]
CG (N = 30)	MCI	1.30^a	4.77	t (69) = 1.56	.124	0.374 [−0.109; 0.857]
IG (N = 72)	mild	−1.44^a	5.07	t (122) = 2.44	.016	0.443 [0.079; 0.808]
CG (N = 52)	mild	1.00^a	6.09	t (122) = 2.44	.016	0.443 [0.079; 0.808]
IG (N = 60)	moderate	1.47^a	5.87	t (107) =−1.19	.238	0.229 [−0.611; 0.154]
CG (N = 49)	moderate	.18^a	5.28	t (107) =−1.19	.238	0.229 [−0.611; 0.154]
Depressiveness (inversely coded)	Severity
IG (N = 41)	MCI	.46^b	6.08	t (69) =−.61	.542	0.147 [−0.620; 0.329]
CG (N = 30)	MCI	−.30^b	3.63	t (69) =−.61	.542	0.147 [−0.620; 0.329]
IG (N = 72)	mild	.76^b	4.69	t (122) =−2.86	.005	0.520 [−0.886; −0.154]
CG (N = 52)	mild	−1.92^b	5.77	t (122) =−2.86	.005	0.520 [−0.886; −0.154]
IG (N = 60)	moderate	−1.37^b	4.88	t (87.88) = .88	.382	0.169 [−0.213; 0.551]
CG (N = 49)	moderate	−.39^b	6.43	t (87.88) = .88	.382	0.169 [−0.213; 0.551]

Significant p-values (<.05) are in bold

^bNegative values depict a worsening in the outcome

Positive values depict a worsening in the outcome