Table 1.
Causal estimates of BMI z-score on asthma and the reverse direction reported by fixed effect and random effect meta-analyses, MR-Egger, penalized weighted median, and MR-PRESSO
| Causal Link | Method | Estimate | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI → asthma | Fixed effect | 1.182 | (1.114, 1.253) | 2e-08 |
| Random effect | 1.182 | (1.075, 1.300) | 5e-04 | |
| MR-Egger | 1.216 | (0.985, 1.500) | 0.069 | |
| Penalized | 1.154 | (1.038, 1.282) | 8e-03 | |
| MR-PRESSO | 1.198 | (1.104, 1.301) | 5e-05 | |
| Asthma → BMI | Fixed effect | −0.004 | (–0.018, 0.009) | 0.553 |
| Random effect | 0.004 | (–0.026, 0.034) | 0.812 | |
| MR-Egger | −0.080 | (–0.163, 0.003) | 0.059 | |
| Penalized | −0.017 | (–0.036, 0.001) | 0.059 | |
| MR-PRESSO | −0.013 | (–0.027, 0.002) | 0.136 |