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Overview of miRNA functions. The mature miRNA can be incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and binds to its target mRNA (A) to repress translation or (B) to induce mRNA degradation—for example, endonucleolytic cleavage. (C) miRNAs can act as RNA decoy to RNA-binding proteins, such as miR-328 to hnRNP E2 or miR-574-5p to CUGBP1. (D) miRNAs can be recognized by toll-like receptors 7/8, like miR-21 and miR-29a.
