Table 3a.

Prevalence and factors associated with SHS exposure at the workplace among non-smoker Malaysian adults age ≥15 years, percentages and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) are weighted

	Exposure to SHS at work					Factor associated with SHS exposure at work
Sociodemographic characteristics	n	N (thousands)	%a	95% CIa		(AOR)a	95% CIa
				Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Overall	239	1373	33.9	29.5	38.6
Gender
Male	114	705	39.1	32.6	46.0	1.22	0.80	1.90
Female	125	668	29.8	24.7	36.1	Ref
Age group (years)
15–24	36	320	30.6	21.6	42.3	Ref
25–44	137	770	34.5	28.9	40.5	1.91	0.34	10.34
45–64	60	259	35.6	27.3	44.8	2.27	0.40	12.84
65+	6	24	53.2	18.7	84.9	2.89	0.08	18.18
Residence
Urban	160	1141	35.6	30.4	41.3	1.52	0.89	2.56
Rural	79	233	27.4	20.9	35.0	Ref
Education level*
Lower than primary	11	25	49.8	29.0	70.6	1.11	0.32	3.78
Primary	54	289	47.5	38.2	56.9	0.91	0.48	1.72
Secondary	116	657	30.2	24.2	37.0	0.71	0.42	1.21
College or above	58	402	33.5	26.0	41.8	Ref
Ethnicity
Malay	145	753	30.7	25.0	37.0	Ref
Chinese	52	367	41.2	32.8	50.0	1.02	0.53	1.95
Indian	23	161	36.8	24.8	50.7	1.31	0.55	3.13
Other	19	91	34.7	21.7	50.3	0.82	0.34	1.99
Marital status
Married	159	858	35.3	30.4	40.5	1.35	0.69	2.63
Single	63	450	30.8	22.8	40.3	Ref
Divorced/separated/widowed	17	64	40.4	23.7	59.7	1.44	0.29	7.10
Occupation
Government employee	59	268	27.5	20.4	35.9	Ref
Non-government employee	134	846	34.6	28.4	41.3	0.99	0.56	1.74
Self-employed	42	221	46.5	34.5	58.9	1.23	0.53	2.83
Income Quintileb
Q5	64	430	29.2	22.8	36.5	Ref
Q4	67	440	41.6	32.9	51.0	1.76	0.94	3.29
Q3	46	234	28.6	20.1	39.1	1.02	0.51	2.01
Q2	31	110	26.2	16.6	35.5	0.59	0.25	1.36
Q1	28	137	53.2	35.7	73.3	2.66	0.87	8.13
Smoking ban at working areas
Yes	92	539	21.5	17.1	26.7	Ref
Partial	82	478	46.1	37.3	55.2	3.08*	1.84	5.15
No	61	320	79.2	65.8	88.2	15.33*	6.75	34.86

^aWeighted values based on estimated population.

^bQuintile 5 is the most affluent group, while Q1 is the poorest group, according to the wealth index.

Design effect of SHS exposure at work place — 1.58.

^*Significant at p<0.05.