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. 2019 Jul 26;9:10860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47221-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Selection of area of the whole tooth. (A) Areas occupied by nerves (B) and blood vessels (C) in a segment of 10 um and classification according the diameter. (B,C) Slices of 1 µm from different areas of the teeth were analyzed to identify the transversal area of the neural structures and blood vessels. (D,E) The innervation comprised 40% of the dental pulp volume and the vasculature another 40% (F,G). The majority of the neurovascular structures of dental pulp are within the range of 0.1–50 square microns. (H,J) The mid-root and coronal areas of the pulp present more neural and vascular structures within the range of 0.1–10 square microns than the apical area (p < 0.05, ANOVA,). The diameter of the neurovascular structures decreases from the apical section towards the coronal section (I,K) (p < 0.05, ANOVA).