Table 1.

Description of patient cohorts.

	Intervention cohort	Control cohort	P-Value
Absolute numbers	1,003,336	725,310	n.a.
Mean age (SD)	57.3 (18.7)	54.4 (19.8)	p < 0.0001
Gender -%women	56.1	56.2	n.s.
Nationality -%German	83.4	81.0	p < 0.0001
Insurance -%Member -%Family -%Retired	52.9 11.6 36.6	54.2 13.7 32.1	p < 0.0001
Comorbidity -Mean Charlson Index (SD)	1.45 (2.10)	1.14 (1.85)	p < 0.0001
Mean number of quarter years in strong primary care program (SD)	23.3 (8.6)	0	n.a.
Mean number of contacts in primary care (SD)	13.65 (11.86)	9.01 (11.08)	p < 0.0001
Mean number of uncoordinated contacts with medical specialists (SD)	2.06 (7.99)	3.37 (9.60)	p < 0.0001
Hospital admissions per 100 patients (SD)	29.0 (79.5)	28.6 (79.1)	p < 0.001
Costs of ambulatory prescribed medication (SD)	1,452.35 (72,751.71)	1,451.63 (64,450.69)	p < 0.001

Legend. All figures on this closed cohort refer to the last year of observation.