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. 2019 Jul 26;9:10871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47416-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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qRT-PCR analysis of four human PDAC cell lines and phase contrast images of PANC-1 and PK-1 under 2D- and 3D-culture conditions. E-cadherin and vimentin expression levels were examined using qRT-PCR. There was a 35,000-fold difference in E-cadherin mRNA levels among the cancer cell lines. (A) Vimentin and E-cadherin expression levels were inversely correlated in each PDAC cell line. (B) Results are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. The results are shown after normalization to the values obtained for MIA PaCa-2 cells (value = 1). In 2D-culture, PANC-1 cells showed sheet-like proliferation, and PK-1 cells showed a rosette-like appearance (C, upper panel). In 3D-culture, PANC-1 cells formed spheres with a grape-like appearance (lower panel). PK-1 cells formed round to oval-shaped spheres. Scale bar = 200 μm.