Table 1.
Characteristics of infants with CHD and healthy controls. M, Median; m, mean; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; CHD, congenital heart disease; GA, gestational age; ICU, intensive care unit; SES, socioeconomic status; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not applicable. Groupwise comparison for categorical variables was performed by Fisher’s exact test and for continuous variables t test and Man-Whitney U test were applied appropriate for sample distribution.
| n | Infants with CHD | Controls | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| 77 | 44 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 58 (75.3) | 20 (45.5) | 0.002 |
| Birthweight, g (m (SD)) | 3347.7 (491.5) | 3432.0 (402.5) | 0.34 |
| GA, weeks (m (SD)) | 39.4 (1.3) | 39.6 (1.2) | 0.42 |
| Head circumference at birth, cm (m (SD)) | 34.6 (1.3) | 35.1 (1.2) | 0.035 |
| Apgar 5 (M [IQR]) | 9.0 [8.0, 9.0] | 9.0 [9.0, 9.0] | 0.29 |
| SES (2–12) (M [IQR]) | 8.0 [7.0, 10.0] | 12.0 [10.0, 12.0] | <0.001 |
| Cyanotic vitium, n (%) | 69 (89.6) | NA | |
| Highest lactate preoperatively, mmol/l (M [IQR]) | 4.3 [3.1, 6.1] | NA | |
| Age at surgery, d (M [IQR]) | 12.0 [9.0, 16.0] | NA | |
| Extracorporeal circulation time, min (m (SD)) | 153.1 (78.0) | NA | |
| Aortic cross clamp time, min (m (SD)) | 93.4 (52.7) | NA | |
| Lowest temperature on bypass, °C (M [IQR]) | 28.1 [23.1, 31.5] | NA | |
| Days on ICU postoperatively (m (SD)) | 7.9 (10.1) | NA |