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. 2019 Jul 26;10:3338. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11296-5

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Fig. 6 — Prior year vaccination negatively impacts affinity maturation of antibodies. a–d Sequential SPR analysis of human influenza vaccine sera (pre- and post-vaccination) was performed against H1N1pdm09 HA1 (a) and HA2 (b) domains, H3N2 HA1 (c), and B-HA1 (d). Ten-fold, 50- and/or 250-fold diluted individual serum at pre-vaccination and following vaccination with FluBlok, FluCelvax, or Fluzone from individuals who received inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in prior year (Inactivated) and individuals who were not vaccinated with influenza vaccine in the previous year (None). Serum antibody off-rate constants were determined as described in Methods. Increase in serum antibody affinity as measured by fold change in antigen–antibody complex dissociation rates was calculated as described in Fig. 5 [1/(off-rate on Day 28/off-rate on Day 0)] against H1N1pdm09 HA1 (a) and HA2 (b) domains, H3N2 HA1 (c) and B-HA1 (d) for each subject. Geometric means with 95% confidence intervals are shown. The pairwise comparison was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney non-parametric method between two groups. The significance between groups that are statistically significant with a p value of <0.005 (**) are shown. Source data are provided as a Source Data file