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. 2019 Jul 26;9:10888. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47267-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Synergistic effect of BAM8-22 on scratching behaviour in BDL mice. (a) One hundred micrograms BAM8-22 was injected on mice cheeks, which induced scratching behaviour in wild type mice, confirming that BAM8-22 acts as a pruritogen (n = 6, each group). (b) Increased spontaneous scratching behaviour in BDL mice on day 5 after surgery showed that scratching is one of the major symptoms of cholestasis (n = 8 in each group). A synergistic effect was observed when 100 µg BAM8-22 was injected into the cheek of BDL mice compared to that in sham mice on day 5 (c) and day 12 (d), respectively (n = 4, each group). *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test). Results are presented as means ± SEM.