Table 2.
Associations between MC4R rs17782313 and ENPP1 rs1044498 SNPs and GWG status.
| Study sample n(%) | Underweight/normal n(%) | Overweight/obesity n(%) | p+ | Insufficient GWG n(%) | Normal GWG n(%) | Excessive GWG n (%) | p+ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MC4R rs17782313 Maternal SNP | ||||||||
| TT | 106 (57.3) | 81 (60.4) | 25 (49.0) | 0.185 | 17 (63.0) | 25 (59.5) | 64 (55.2) | 0.721 |
| CT + CC | 79 (42.7) | 53 (39.6) | 26 (51.0) | 10 (37.0) | 17 (40.5) | 52 (44.8) | ||
| T-allele | 285 (77.0) | 212 (79.1) | 73 (71.6) | 0.124 | 41 (75.9) | 67 (79.8) | 177 (76.3) | 0.793 |
| C-allele | 85 (23.0) | 56 (20.9) | 29 (28.4) | 13 (24.1) | 17 (20.2) | 55 (23.7) | ||
| p-value for HW(b | 0.118 | 0.136 | 0.439 | 0.131 | 0.100 | 0.071 | ||
| ENPP1 rs1044498 Maternal SNP | ||||||||
| AA | 129 (69.7) | 95 (70.9) | 34 (66.7) | 0.576 | 19 (70.4) | 28 (66.7) | 82 (70.7) | 0.886 |
| AC + CC | 56 (30.3) | 39 (29.1) | 17 (33.3) | 8 (29.6) | 14 (33.3) | 34 (29.3) | ||
| A-allele | 310 (83.8) | 226 (84.3) | 84 (82.4) | 0.645 | 46(85.2) | 68 (80.9) | 196 (84.5) | 0.166 |
| C-allele | 60 (16.2) | 42 (15.7) | 18 (17.6) | 16 (29.6) | 16 (19.1) | 36 (15.5) | ||
| p-value for HW | 0.640 | 0.849 | 0.571 | 0.366 | 0.634 | 0.574 | ||
Legend: GWG = Gestational weight gain; (bHardy-Weinberg equilibrium; +p-values obtained from Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.
ENPP1rs1044498 A > C: nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase gene polymorphisms (AA = reference category); AA – homozygous for A allele; AC – heterozygous; CC - homozygous for C allele;
MC4R rs17782313 T > C: melanocortin- 4 receptor gene polymorphisms (TT = reference category); CC - homozygous for C allele; CT - heterozygous; TT- homozygous for T allele.