Table 1.

Studies of metformin in adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Reference	Type of study	No. of patients*	Diabetic patients	Drug†	Compared with	Duration of treatment	NASH vs. all NAFLD	ALT improved‡	Histology improved‡
Marchesini et al. 200121	Open label, single arm	20	No	Metformin	Baseline	4 months	NASH	Yes	Not assessed
Nair et al. 200422	Open label, single arm	15	Mixed	Metformin	Baseline	48 weeks	NAFLD	Transient	Modest
Uygun et al. 200423	Open label, randomized	17	No	Metformin	LM	6 months	NASH	Yes	No
Bugianesi et al. 200524	Open label, randomized	55	No	Metformin	Vitamin E or LM	12 months	NAFLD	Yes	Yes
Duseja et al. 200725	Case control	25	No	Metformin	LM	6 months	NAFLD	Yes	Not assessed
Akyuz et al. 200726	Open label, nonrandomized	12	Mixed	Metformin	Rosiglitazone or LM	12 months	NAFLD	No	No
de Oliveira et al. 200827	Open label, single arm	20	Mixed	Metformin + NAC	Baseline	12 months	NASH	Yes	Yes
Idilman et al. 200828	Open label, randomized	24	Mixed	Metformin	Rosiglitazone or LM	48 weeks	NASH	No	No
Loomba et al. 200829	Open label, single arm	28	Mixed	Metformin	Baseline	48 weeks	NASH	Yes	Yes
Nar & Gedik 200930	Open label, randomized	19	Yes	Metformin	LM	6 months	NAFLD	No	Not assessed
Omer et al. 200931	Open label, randomized	22	Yes	Metformin	Rosiglitazone	12 months	NAFLD	No	No

^*Number of patients who received the study drug.

^†All patients in the study arm were also placed on lifestyle modifications.

^‡Improvements in ALT or histology are reported if significantly better than comparison group.

ALT=alanine aminotransferase; LM=lifestyle modification; NAC=N-acetylcysteine; NAFLD=nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH=non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.