Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.
| First Author | Publication year | Non-cohort/ Non-GC |
Country/Study design | Male (%) | Mean age (years) |
Endoscopy Interval | Follow-up [mean/median/mid-point] (years) | Study quality (score) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. [72] | 2018 | 332/16 | China/ Retrospective cohort | 52 | 63 | 1 | 9.17 | 6 |
| Mera (a, b) et al. [29] | 2018 | 649/7 | USA/ RCT | 46 | 51.9 | 3 | 8 | 5 |
| Hollander (a, b) et al. [35] | 2018 | 11/0 | Netherlands/ prospective cohort | 49 | 57.9 | 2 | 4.7 | 6 |
| Song et al. [73] | 2017 | 3714/37 | Korea/ Retrospective cohort | 64.62 | 47.81 | 2 | 6.88 | 5 |
| Pittayanon (a,b) et al. [37] | 2017 | 81/0 | Thailand/ Retrospective cohort | 51 | 63 | 1 | 4.05 | 4 |
| Gomez et al. [75] | 2017 | 468/21 | USA/ Retrospective cohort | 44.4 | 61 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Toyoshima (a,b,c,d,e,f) et al. [44] | 2017 | 68/0 | Japan/ Retrospective cohort | 46.34 | 54.1 | 1 | 2.46 | 5 |
| Gonzalez(a,b,c) et al. [22] | 2016 | 219/15 | Spain/ Retrospective cohort | 57.53 | 53.19 | 18 | 12 | 5 |
| Li et al. [70] | 2016 | 4146/37 | United States/ Retrospective cohort | 48 | 66 | NR | 7.1 | 5 |
| Reddy et al. [71] | 2016 | 923/8 | United States/ Retrospective cohort | NR | 68 | 3 | 4.6 | 4 |
| Shichijo (a,b,c,d,e,f) et al. [40] | 2016 | 399/6 | Japan/ Retrospective cohort | 56 | 58.4 | 1 | 6.2 | 4 |
| Vohlonen et al. [87] | 2016 | 606/8 | Finland/ prospective cohort | 100 | 57.5 | 17 | 8.5 | 5 |
| Lahner et al.[63] | 2015 | 200/4 | Italy/ prospective cohort | 33 | 55 | 4 | 7.5 | 4 |
| Song (a,b) et al. [24] | 2015 | 14285/116 | Sweden/ Retrospective cohort | 55 | 60.3 | NR | 10.1 | 5 |
| Horsley-Silva et al. [69] | 2015 | 200/14 | United States/ Retrospective cohort | 50 | 68 | NR | 4.1 | 3 |
| Take (a,b) et al. [38] | 2015 | 192/9 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 91.14 | 48.9 | 1 | 10.4 | 6 |
| Shichijo (a,b,c) et al. [41] | 2015 | 497/7 | Japan/ Retrospective cohort | 51 | 60.1 | 1 | 6.7 | 4 |
| Sakitani (a,b,c,d,e,f) et al. [45] | 2015 | 215/3 | Japan/ Retrospective cohort | 81.3 | 64.8 | 1 | 4.78 | 5 |
| Zhou et al. [85] | 2015 | 266/9 | China/ Retrospective cohort | NR | NR | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Adgey et al.[88] | 2014 | 29/1 | United Kingdom/ prospective cohort | 45 | 62 | 1 | 4.7 | 4 |
| Bleibe et al.[67] | 2013 | 675/14 | United States/ Retrospective cohort | 49 | 61 | NR | 5.3 | 3 |
| Wong (a,b) et al. [62] | 2012 | 65/0 | China/ RCT |
46.5 | 52.9 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Miki (a,b,c,d,e) et al. [30] | 2011 | 33/4 | Japan/ Retrospective cohort | NR | 49.3 | 1 | 9.3 | 6 |
|
Take (a,b,c) et al. [46] |
2011 | 511/1 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 86.7 | 50.8 | 1 | 7 | 5 |
| Vannella et al. [66] | 2010 | 300/3 | Italy/ prospective cohort | 32 | 54 | 2 | 4.3 | 5 |
| De Vries et al. [68] | 2010 | 101/0 | Netherlands/ prospective cohort | 50 | 60.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 5 |
| Mizuno (a,b) et al. [48] | 2010 | 69/3 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 35.36 | NR | NR | 9.3 | 4 |
| Gonzalez (a,b,c) et al. [52] | 2010 | 88/16 | Spain/ prospective cohort | 54.5 | 56.5 | 1 | 12.8 | 5 |
| Yanaoka (a,b) et al. [51] | 2009 | 1329/30 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 100 | 50.4 | 1 | 9.5 | 6 |
| Sun (a,b,c) et al. [59] | 2009 | 19/0 | China/ prospective cohort | 66.2 | 50 | 4 | 7 | 5 |
| Kim et al. [69] | 2008 | 515/4 | Korea/ prospective cohort | 88 | 45 | 3 | 10.2 | 4 |
| DE Varies (a,b) et al. [47] | 2008 | 61707/874 | Netherlands/ prospective cohort | 52.5 | 66.5 | 2 | 2.8 | 5 |
| Takata et al. [65] | 2007 | 101/8 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 58 | 56 | 1 | 5.2 | 4 |
| Take (a,b,c) et al. [49] | 2007 | 316/0 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 89.47 | 49.9 | 1 | 3.9 | 4 |
| Tava et al. [79] | 2006 | 259/4 | Italy/ prospective cohort | 51 | 60 | 2 | 3.9 | 4 |
| Watabe (a, b) et al. [31] | 2005 | 1082/18 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 65.89 | 52 | 1 | 4.7 | 4 |
| Lahner (a,b,c) et al. [42] | 2005 | 38/1 | Italy/ prospective cohort | 31.6 | 51 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Kamada et al. [78] | 2005 | 453/2 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 64 | 62.4 | 1 | 3.9 | 4 |
| Leung (b,c) et al. [26] | 2004 | 4/0 | China/ RCT | NR | 52 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Ohata (a, b) et al. [32] | 2004 | 1316/24 | Japan/ prospective cohort | NR | 49.8 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| Dinis-Ribeiro (a,b,c,d) et al. [36] | 2004 | 58/0 | Portugal/ Retrospective cohort | 48 | 55 | 2 | 12.5 | 5 |
| Wong (a,b) et al. [61] | 2004 | 57/0 | China/ RCT | 54.1 | 42.4 | 0.6 | 4 | 5 |
| Whiting (a, b) et al. [28] | 2002 | 11/2 | United Kingdom/ prospective cohort | NR | > 40 | 1 | 8.6 | 4 |
| Kokkola (a,b) et al. [60] | 2002 | 13/0 | Finland/ prospective cohort | 100 | 62 | NR | 2.5 | 4 |
| Uemura (a,b,c,d) et al. [50] | 2001 | 381/3 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 57.3 | 52.3 | 3 | 7.6 | 4 |
| El Zimaity (a,b) et al. [53] | 2001 | 34/0 | USA/ Retrospective cohort | 93.6 | 60 | 1 | 4.5 | 4 |
| Lin (a,b,c) et al. [54] | 2001 | 15/14 | Taiwan/ prospective cohort | NR | NR | 1 | 10 | 3 |
| Inoue (a,b,c) et al. [23] | 2000 | 1356/47 | Japan/ prospective cohort | 48 | 50.7 | 1 | 10 | 4 |
| Klinkenberg-knol (a,b,c) et al. [57] | 2000 | 9/0 | Multicenter (N, A, C, G)/ prospective cohort | 57.3 | 64 | 1 | 6.5 | 4 |
| You (a,b,c,d) et al. [43] | 1999 | 1032/1 | China/ prospective cohort | 51.63 | 45.5 | 2 | 4.5 | 4 |
| Valle et al. [84] | 1996 | 13/0 | Finland/ Retrospective cohort | 50 | 63 | 31 | 15.5 | 4 |
| Kuipers(a,b,e,d) et al. [56] | 1995 | 5/0 | Netherlands/ prospective cohort | NR | 48 | NR | 11.5 | 4 |
| Filipe (a,b,c) et al. [33] | 1994 | 197/5 | Slovenia/ Retrospective cohort | 73 | NR | 5 | 9.5 | 4 |
| Tatsuta (a,b,c) et al. [25] | 1993 | 246/5 | Japan/ Retrospective cohort | 80 | NR | 8 | 19 | 4 |
| Rokkas et al. [74] | 1991 | 26/11 | London/ Retrospective cohort | NR | NR | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| Correa (b, c) et al. [27] | 1990 | 298/1 | Colombia/ prospective cohort | NR | NR | 5 | 5.1 | 4 |
| Ramesar (a,b,c) et al. [55] | 1987 | 16/0 | Scotland/ Retrospective cohort | 50 | 66.9 | NR | 6.5 | 4 |
| Testoni (a,b) et al. [58] | 1987 | 166/7 | Italy/ prospective cohort | NR | 54 | 1 | 9 | 4 |
| Ectors et al. [77] | 1986 | 90/1 | United Kingdom/ Retrospective cohort | NR | NR | NR | 4.5 | 4 |
| Filipe (a,b) et al. [34] | 1985 | 232/11 | London/ prospective cohort | 16 | 56.8 | NR | 0.5 | 4 |
| Ihamauki (a,b) et al. [39] | 1985 | 116/10 | Finland/ prospective cohort | NR | NR | 8 | 13 | 4 |
| Siurala et al. [64] | 1974 | 116/10 | Finland/ prospective cohort | NR | 64 | NR | 21 | 4 |
| Cheli et al. [80] | 1973 | 65/9 | Italy/ prospective cohort | NR | 48.5 | 7 | 3.5 | 4 |
| Aste et al. [83] | 1973 | 36/0 | Chile/ prospective cohort | 69.4 | 41.5 | NR | 5.6 | 3 |
| Walker et al. [76] | 1971 | 40/4 | Australia/ Retrospective cohort | NR | 53.75 | NR | 15 | 4 |
| Siurala et al. [81] | 1966 | 116/9 | Finland/ prospective cohort | NR | NR | 6.5 | 7 | 4 |
| Siurala et al. [86] | 1961 | 39/1 | Finland/ prospective cohort | 55.5 | 52 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| Siurala et al. [82] | 1960 | 53/5 | Finland/ prospective cohort | 58.4 | 50.8 | 1 | 5.8 | 4 |
NR, not reported; GC, gastric cancer
Subscript letters (a,b,c, …) shows different types of precancerous lesions for estimating the relevant outcomes. We treated each type of lesions in these articles as a separate study to be included in the current meta-analysis.