TABLE 4.

Average Spearman’s rank-order correlations of various albumin measures with blood pressure, body mass index, and urinary volume and odds ratios for microalbuminuria^* in relation to these variables, International Study of Macronutrients and Blood Pressure, 1996–2002^†

Variable and albumin measure	Men	Women	Total	Odds ratio‡	95% confidence interval
Systolic blood pressure
24-hour albumin excretion	0.319	0.265	0.289	1.90	1.67, 2.15
Albumin:creatinine ratio	0.299	0.238	0.265	1.90	1.68, 2.16
Albumin concentration	0.304	0.284	0.293	1.90	1.68, 2.16
Diastolic blood pressure
24-hour albumin excretion	0.235	0.199	0.216	1.71	1.49, 1.97
Albumin:creatinine ratio	0.206	0.173	0.188	1.73	1.51, 1.99
Albumin concentration	0.241	0.222	0.230	1.73	1.50, 1.99
Body mass index
24-hour albumin excretion	0.181	0.235	0.211	1.47	1.28, 1.69
Albumin:creatinine ratio	0.086	0.143	0.118	1.48	1.29, 1.70
Albumin concentration	0.184	0.191	0.188	1.51	1.31, 1.73
24-hour urinary volume
24-hour albumin excretion	0.225	0.272	0.251	1.30	1.16, 1.46
Albumin:creatinine ratio	0.206	0.226	0.217	1.25	1.11, 1.41
Albumin concentration	−0.169	−0.221	−0.198	1.07	0.93, 1.22

^*Microalbuminuria was defined as 30–299 mg for albumin excretion (n = 204) and by the gender/country-specific cutoff points given in table 1 for albumin:creatinine ratio (n = 204) and albumin concentration (n = 203).

^†The rank-correlation analyses included 850 men and 1,083 women with albumin concentrations ≥1.0 mg/liter in both urine samples. For calculation of odds ratios, the analyses included the total sample minus those participants who had macroalbuminuria on the basis of each measure (n = 37, n = 41, and n = 39, respectively).

^‡For each variable, odds ratios were calculated for a one-standard-deviation difference in that variable: 14.6 for systolic blood pressure, 10.0 for diastolic blood pressure, 5.4 for body mass index, and 0.7 for urinary volume.