TABLE 1.

Descriptive Statistics, Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii, by Gender

	Men			Women
Variable	Japan	Hawaii	P*	Japan	Hawaii	P*
No. of participants	569	100		567	106
Age, y	49.5±5.3	50.6±5.2	0.078	49.2±5.3	49.8±4.9	0.332
Height, m	1.68±0.06	1.67±0.06	0.308	1.55±0.06	1.54±0.05	0.088
Weight, kg	66.9±8.8	80.0±14.7	<0.001	55.5±8.0	60.8±12.6	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m2	23.7±2.7	28.5±4.6	<0.001	23.2±3.1	25.7±5.4	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	120.4±12.9	119.0±11.8	0.329	114.1±14.0	115.2±13.7	0.451
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	76.8±10.0	74.7±8.6	0.054	70.5±9.6	70.1±8.8	0.663
Fibrinogen, mg/dL	253.7±69.0	287.8±57.8	<0.001	258.6±65.3	310.6±60.6	<0.001
Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL	199.3±28.8	209.8±29.0	<0.001	202.2±30.7	211.5±32.2	0.005
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	53.7±13.7	50.2±10.2	0.014	60.0±14.2	59.7±13.2	0.827
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	120.4±28.6	134.1±28.2	<0.001	123.9±29.9	137.0±33.5	<0.001
HbA1c, %	4.8±0.6	5.0±0.8	<0.001	4.6±0.4	4.7±0.7	0.003
Urinary sodium, mmol/24 hours	210.4±56.6	174.4±52.3	<0.001	186.1±53.2	133.5±44.6	<0.001
Urinary potassium, mmol/24 hours	49±13	55±16	<0.001	48±14	42±13	<0.001
Urinary Na/K ratio	4.5±1.3	3.4±1.2	<0.001	4.1±1.2	3.4±1.1	<0.001
Education, years	12.3±2.1	15.4±2.5	<0.001	11.6±2.0	15.6±2.3	<0.001
History of CVD, %	1.2	3.0	0.179	0.4	0.9	0.402
Drug treatment for hypertension, %	6.0	28.0	<0.001	6.5	24.5	<0.001
Taking vitamin/mineral supplements, %	23.6	58.0	<0.001	23.6	76.4	<0.001
On any special diet, %	5.5	12.0	0.014	7.9	20.8	<0.001
Hours of heavy or moderate physical activity, hours/24 hours	2.5±3.6	2.2±2.7	0.348	2.6±3.5	1.1±1.6	<0.001
Current smoker, %	51.7	10.0	<0.001	8.6	4.7	0.172
No. of cigarettes per day, smokers	22.6±9.3	14.2±10.6	0.006	11.5±7.0	13.0±7.6	0.646

Values are means±SD or percentage (prevalence).

^*P values for Japan vs Hawaii by t test or χ² test.

CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.