Table 1.

Typology of Exposure to Pharmacogenetically Actionable Opioids

Pharmacogenetically Actionable Opioid Prescription Pattern1
		Singular	Episodic	Switching	Sustained	Multiplex
Primary Focus of Medical Care2	Pain	One time-limited prescription for the PGxA opioid and primary focus of medical care on pain-related condition(s). (n = 2)3	Intermittent or discontinuous prescriptions for PGxA opioids and primary focus of medical care on pain-related condition(s). (n = 3)
	Comorbidities	One time-limited prescription for the PGxA opioid and primary focus of medical care on non-pain related comorbidities. (n = 4)
	Both	One time-limited prescription for a PGxA opioid and primary focus of medical care on both pain-related conditions and non-pain related comorbidities (n = 3)	Intermittent or discontinuous prescriptions for PGxA opioids and primary focus of medical care on both pain-related conditions and non-pain related comorbidities (n = 10)	Short-term prescription for PGxA opioid followed by a new/different prescription for an opioid and primary focus of medical care on both pain-related conditions and non-pain related comorbidities (n = 3)	Extended periods of uninterrupted prescriptions or refills of the PGxA opioid and primary focus of medical care on both pain-related conditions and non-pain related comorbidities (n = 2)	Combination of PGxA opioid patterns and primary focus of medical care on both pain-related conditions and non-pain related comorbidities (n = 3)

PGxA: Pharmacogenetically actionable.

¹Pharmacogenetically Actionable Opioid Prescription Pattern was determined from prescription data including dose, timing of fills/refills, and supply amounts over the 6-month time period.

²Primary Focus of Medical Care was determined from patterns in data representing medical histories, type and indication for all medications prescribed, clinical responses, and type and reasons for healthcare encounters over the 6-month time period.

³n = number of patients in each subgroup