Table 1.

List of Study Codes

Condition/utilization	Administrative codea
Study inclusion requirements
Diabetes mellitus	ICD-9:	250.xx
Study outcomes
Congestive heart failure	ICD-9:	428.xx 398.91 402.01 402.11 402.91 404.11 404.91
Acute myocardial infarctionb	ICD-9:	410.xx
Stroke/transient ischemic attackb	ICD-9:	431.xx 435.xx 436.xx 434.01 434.91 434.11
Insulin dependence	ICD-9:	250.1× 250.3× 250.01 259.03
Cardiovascular complication
Angina	ICD-9:	413.xx
Ischemic heart disease	ICD-9:	411.xx 414.xx
Cerebrovascular complication
Carotid bruit	ICD-9:	785.9
Occlusion or stenosis	ICD-9:	433.xx 434.xx
Elements of adherence to diabetes treatment guidelines
General physician visit	CMS:	01 08 11 70 50 97
Specialist physician visit	CMS:	46 39 06 48
Eye specialist visit	CMS:	18 41
Blood pressure test	CPT-4:	90201 90205 99211–99215 99241–99245 99301–99303 99311–99313 99321–99323 99341–99349 99350 99387 99397 99401–99404 99411 99412 9942× 99331–99333
Urine test	CPT-4:	81001–81005 82040 82042 82043 82044 84155
HB1AC test	CPT-4:	82985 83036
Lipid test	CPT-4:	80061 82465 83715–83719 83721 84478
Elements of adherence to prescribed medicationsc
Diabetes		Metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones
Cardiac		Diuretics, sympatholytics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin 2 antagonists, vasodilators, anticoagulants

Note. ICD-9 = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; CMS = U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; CPT-4 = Current Procedural Terminology, Version 4; ACE inhibitors = Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors.

^aCodes are drawn from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 for condition, ICD-9(P) for procedure), CPT-4 and CMS specialty codes. Codes are supplemented by questionnaire data where available.

^bIncludes Part A inpatient claims only.

^cIncludes all brand and generic names in drug group.