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. 2019 Jul 16;10:457. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00457

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Copyright © 2019 Barbaro, Orrù and Unfer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Iodine organification. Iodine organification into thyroid follicular cells. Iodide uptake is mediated by the sodium-iodide symporter, through the gradient generated by Na⁺. TPO, using H₂O₂ produced by DUOX2 system, mediates the oxidation, organification and coupling. The secretion of thyroid hormones is shown at the basolateral membrane. Myo-inositol regulates H₂O₂-mediated iodination through the phospholipase C-dependent inositol phosphate Ca²⁺/diacylglycerol pathway, resulting in a boost of H₂O₂ generation. The cAMP cascade, induced by the TSH activity (through the TSH receptor activation), is also shown. I⁻, Iodine; MI, Myo-inositol; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; T₃, triiodothyronine; T₄, thyroxine; TPO, thyroid peroxidase; Tg, thyroglobulin; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; MIT, monoiodotyrosine; TH, thyroid hormone.