Table 2.

Selected PBC models.

Research model	Background	Female dominance	High titer ANA/AMA	Portal infiltration	Bile duct dilation or proliferation	References
NOD.c3c4 mice	NOD mice	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	[56, 57, 58]
dnTGFβRII mice	C57BL/6J mice	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	[62, 63]
Ae2a,b−/− mice	FVB/NJ mice	No	Yes	Yes	Unknown	[67]
ARE-Del−/− mouse	C57BL/6J mice	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unknown	[71, 72]
2-OA immunization	Various	No	Yes	Yes	Unknown	[74]
Poly I:C injection	C57BL/6J mice	Unknown	Yes	Yes	Unknown	[78, 79]

2-OA = 2-octynoic acid; AMA = anti-mitochondrial antibody; ANA = anti-nuclear antibody; Poly I:C = polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid