Table 5.
Iron biomarkers, red cell indices and CRP at FIN in non-pregnant women negative or positive for malaria parasitemia
| Biomarker | Non-pregnant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | RR [95%CI]a | P | |
| GM ferritin, μg/l, (n) | 47.3[43.9:51.0](521) | 53.8[49.3:58.7](374) | 0.13[0.01:0.24] | 0.028 |
| GM adjusted ferritin <15, μg/l, (n)c | 34.1[31.7:36.8](521) | 35.1[32.2:38.2](374) | 0.03[−0.09:0.14] | 0.644 |
| Ferritin <30, μg/l, n/N (%) | 154/521 (29.6) | 95/374 (25.4) | 0.86 [0.69:1.07] | 0.17 |
| Adjusted ferritin <30 μg/l, n/N (%) | 221/521 (42.4) | 153/374 (40.9) | 0.96 [0.82:1.13] | 0.68 |
| Ferritin <70, μg/l, n/N (%) | 343/521 (65.8) | 223/374 (59.6) | 0.91 [0.82:1.00] | 0.058 |
| Adjusted ferritin <70 μg/l, n/N (%)c | 408/521 (78.3) | 293/374 (78.3) | 1.00 [0.93:1.07] | 1 |
| GM sTfR μg/ml, (n) | 6.2 [6.0:6.4](520) | 6.8[6.6:7.1](372) | 0.09 [0.04:0.14] | <0.001 |
| sTfR >8.3, μg/ml, n/N (%) | 98/520 (18.8) | 105/372 (28.2) | 1.50 (1.18:1.91) | 0.001 |
| GM sTfR/log ferritin ratio,(n) | 3.8 [3.6:4.0](520) | 4.0[3.9:4.2](372) | 0.06 [−0.01:0.13] | 0.10 |
| sTfR/log ferritin >5.6, n/N(%) | 100/520 (19.2) | 82/372 (22.0) | 1.15 [0.88:1.49] | 0.31 |
| Mean adjusted BIS, mg/kg (n)c | 4.7 [4.3:5.0](520) | 4.4[4.1:4.8](372) | −0.24 [−0.74:0.26] | 0.346 |
| Low adjusted body iron < 0 mg/kg, n/N (%)c | 60/520 (11.5) | 44/372 (11.8) | 1.03 [0.71:1.48] | 0.916 |
| GM CRP, mg/l, (n) | 0.4 [0.4:0.5](520) | 0.8[0.7:0.9](373) | 0.68 [0.48:0.89] | <0.001 |
| CRP <10, mg/l, n/N (%) | 512/520 (98.5) | 356/373 (95.4) | 0.97 (0.95:0.99) | 0.012 |
| CRP <5, mg/l, n/N (%) | 497/520 (95.6) | 334/373 (89.5) | 0.94 (0.90:0.97) | <0.001 |
| GM ZnPP, amol/molHeme, (n) | 99.0[96:102.](522) | 103[99.5.:107](375) | 0.04[−0.01: 0.09] | 0.096 |
| ZnPP >70 n/N, (%) | 451/522 (86.4) | 339/375 (90.4) | 1.05 [1.00:1.10] | 0.076 |
| ZnPP >85 n/N, (%) | 306/522 (58.6) | 263/375 (70.1) | 1.20 [1.08:1.32] | <0.001 |
| GM hepcidin, nmol/l, (n) | 2.7 [2.4:3.0](518) | 3.0[2.7:3.4](374) | 0.14 [−0.02: 0.29] | 0.077 |
| Hepcidin <0.7, n/N (%) | 85/518 (16.4) | 46/374 (12.3) | 0.75 [0.54:1.05] | 0.10 |
| Mean Hb, g/dl, (n) | 12.0[11.9:12.1](522) | 11.9[11.8:12.0](374) | −0.11[−0.26: 0.05] | 0.167 |
| Hb <12 g/dl, (%) | 206/522 (39.5) | 183/374 (48.9) | 1.24 [1.07:1.44] | 0.005 |
| Mean RDW, % (n) | 13.8[13.7:14.0](517) | 14.0[13.9:14.2](370) | 0.19[−0.05: 0.42] | 0.129 |
| RDW <14.5, n/N (%) | 404/517 (78.1) | 266/370 (71.9) | 0.92 [0.85:0.99] | 0.039 |
| Mean MCHC, g/dl (n) | 34.4[34.3:34.5](520) | 34.4[34.2:34.5](374) | −0.02[−0.22: 0.18] | 0.833 |
| MCHC <32, n/N (%) | 27/520 (5.2) | 13/374 (3.5) | 0.67 [0.35:1.28] | 0.253 |
| Mean MCV, fl (n) | 80.3[79.7:80.9](520) | 79.8[79.1:80.5](374) | −0.53[−1.47: 0.40] | 0.261 |
| MCV <75, n/N (%) | 97/520 (18.7) | 84/374 (22.5) | 1.20 [0.93:1.56] | 0.177 |
GM: geometric mean; BIS: body iron store; Square parenthesis: 95% confidence interval
a
Risk-ratio associated with malaria for dichotomous outcomes or difference in (log-transformed) for continuous outcomes
b
Interaction test comparing the magnitude of the malaria effect between the pregnant and non-pregnant cohorts
c
Adjusted with internal regression correction using common slope for non-pregnant and pregnant women