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. 2019 Jun 18;116(30):15216–15225. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1901283116

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

pHERV-W ENV leads to a proinflammatory antiregenerative phenotype in human adult microglia. (A and B) Phalloidin-FITC–based analysis of human adult microglia stimulated with pHERV-W ENV protein demonstrating an induction of ameboid phenotypes. (Scale bar: 100 μm.) pHERV-W ENV induces the transcription of proinflammatory genes TNF-α and IL-6 (C and D), which is mirrored by increased supernatant levels of the respective proteins (G and H). Student’s 2-tailed t test, unpaired: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (n = 3 controls [ctrl], n = 4 ENV). (E and I) pHERV-W ENV stimulation decreases the expression of phagocytosis-associated microglial genes TREM2 and MerTK. (F and J) pHERV-W ENV also reduces the expression of the regenerative genes IGF-1 and CSF-1. Student’s 2-tailed t test, unpaired: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (n = 3 ctrl, n = 4 ENV). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.