Table 2.
Characteristics by definitive management and Organ Injury Scale grade
| Covariates | Grades I and II | Grade III | Grade IV | Grade V | ||||
| Observation (n=201) | SAE (n=14) | Observation (n=92) | SAE (n=34) | Observation (n=30) | SAE (n=33) | Observation (n=2) | SAE (n=11) | |
| Median age, years | 36 (26–54) | 41.5 (24–60) | 31 (23.5–52) | 45 (32–60)** | 33 (25–51) | 43 (30–56) | 26.5 (22–31) | 26 (21–44) |
| Female sex | 69 (34.3) | 1 (7.1)** | 28 (30.4) | 12 (35.3) | 6 (20.0) | 7 (21.2) | 2 (100) | 6 (54.6) |
| Vehicular cause | 161 (80.1) | 10 (71.4)* | 56 (60.9) | 29 (85.3)** | 16 (53.3) | 20 (60.6) | 2 (100) | 9 (81.8) |
| Fall cause | 23 (11.4) | 4 (28.6) | 19 (20.7) | 3 (8.8) | 7 (23.3) | 8 (24.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Other cause | 17 (8.5) | 0 (0) | 17 (18.5) | 2 (5.9) | 7 (23.3) | 5 (15.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) |
| ISS, median | 17 (9–22) | 15.5 (9–27) | 19 (10.5–27) | 17 (14–27) | 23 (16–29) | 26 (20–29)* | 30 (22–38) | 35 (21–38) |
| ED GCS score 3–8 | 28 (13.9) | 6 (42.9)** | 13 (14.1) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (6.7) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| ED RR <12 or >20 | 49 (27.1) | 4 (28.6) | 15 (16.7) | 10 (32.3)* | 7 (24.1) | 10 (31.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (22.2) |
| ED HR >120 | 20 (10.1) | 3 (21.4)* | 11 (12.4) | 1 (3.0)* | 0 (0) | 6 (18.2)** | 1 (50) | 3 (27.3) |
| Blood type O | 70 (34.8) | 6 (42.9) | 27 (29.4) | 16 (47.1)* | 10 (33.3) | 18 (54.5)* | 0 (0) | 5 (45.5) |
| First Hgb <10 | 27 (13.4) | 0 (0) | 9 (9.8) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (10.0) | 5 (15.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (36.4) |
| Other torso finding | 18 (9.0) | 0 (0) | 12 (13.0) | 3 (8.8) | 3 (10.0) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (18.2) |
| Blush (any) | 14 (7.8) | 4 (28.6)** | 9 (10.5) | 6 (17.7) | 6 (25.0) | 13 (41.9)* | 1 (50.0) | 3 (27.3) |
| HP (any) | 67 (39.4) | 11 (84.6)** | 52 (70.3) | 23 (74.2) | 22 (84.6) | 26 (89.7) | 1 (50.0) | 10 (100)* |
| Moderate/large HP | 23 (34.3) | 6 (54.5)* | 29 (31.5) | 19 (55.9)** | 15 (50.0) | 20 (60.6) | 0 (0) | 9 (81.8)* |
| Vascular injury | 0 (0) | 1 (8.3)* | 1 (1.2) | 5 (14.7)** | 2 (8.3) | 3 (10.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (20.0) |
*Patients who failed non-operative management (NOM) were not tabulated (grade 1, n=0; grade 2, n=0; grade 3, n=4; grade 4, n=1; grade 5, n=0). *P <0.20; **p<0.05.
ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale;HP, hemoperitoneum; HR, heart rate;Hgb, hemoglobin;ISS, Injury Severity Score;ISS, Injury Severity Score; RR, respiratory rate; SAE, splenic artery embolization.