Figure 6.

Liposomal bicarbonate increases doxorubicin efficacy in breast cancer. The effect of liposomal bicarbonate as an adjuvant for enhancing doxorubicin activity in-vivo, was studied (A). Once tumors reached 100-200mm^3 treatments began, using free doxorubicin(dox) (4 mg/kg-body-weight), liposomal doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) and a combination of the two with liposomal NaHCO₃. Tumors were sized every other day. In all the time points, for each mouse the tumor size was normalized to the initial size measured at day 1(B), a and a' show statistical differences(p<0.05) after 12 days and continued through the last time point (21 days), statistical differences(p<0.05) between b and b' were observed later, in the last two measurements. For c and c' differences were observed after 10 days (p<0.05). At the end of the experiments tumors were extracted, weighed and imaged (C and G). An increase in total immune cell (CD45+), T cells (CD3+), B cells (CD19+) and macrophages(CDF/48+) populations in the tumor tissue was also observed in the treatment groups (D-F). (F) Macrophages ratio in the tumor tissue normalized to untreated group. Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean from 4 to 5 independent repeats. *Significant difference between treatments, where *p<0.05, according to a Student’s t-test with a two-tailed distribution with equal variance.