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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: Biosens Bioelectron. 2018 Sep 21;126:615–623. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.071

Table 1:

Comparison between different systems that measure metabolic activity in oocytes and embryos at different stages such as: 1–32 cells, morula (M), blastocyst (B), expanded blastocyst (XB), and hatched blastocyst (HB).

Reference Method Species Sample type/stage Analytes assessed Range detected per stage (fmol/s)
Gardner, D.K. and Leese, H.J., 1986 Ultramicrofluorescence Mouse Embryos: 1–8 cells, M, B Glucose and pyruvate consumption Glucose: 1-cell: 0.027; 2–8 cells: 0.083; M: 0.42; B:1.11.
Gardner, D.K. and Leese, H.J., 1990 Ultramicrofluorometric Mouse Embryos: B Glucose consumption and lactate production Glucose:1.2±0.05
Lactate: 2.18±0.16
Lane, M. and Gardner, D.K., 1996 Microfluorescence Mouse Embryos: blastocyst Glucose consumption 1.1–2
Gardner, D.K. et al. 1993 Microfluorescence Sheep Oocytes (O) Embryos:2–16 cells, M, B, HB Pyruvate and glucose consumptions Glucose: O and 2–8: 0.28; 16: 1.67; M: 3.94; B:6.14; HB: 15.1
Lane, M. et al. 2001 Microfluorometry Horse Embryos: M, B, XB Pyruvate and glucose consumptions, and lactate production Glucose: M: 41.5–51.8; B:56.6–102.9; XB: 35–201.47.
Lactate: M: 56.25–65.3; B: 60.2–82.13; XB: 110.17–261.63
Gardner, D.K. et al. 2001 Ultramicrofluorescence Human Embryos: B Pyruvate and glucose consumptions Glucose: 34.9
Gardner, D.K. et al. 2011 Microfluorimetry Human Embryos: B Glucose consumption 14–50
Hardy, K. et al. 1989 Fluorescence Human Embryos Glucose consumption 2.2–6.6
Gott, A.L. et al. 1990 Fluorescence Human Embryos: 2–16, M, B Pyruvate and glucose consumptions, and lactate production Glucose: 2–16 cells: 3.33; 32 cells: 3.61; M: 5; B: 12.5.
Lactate: 2–16 cells: 11.67, 32 cells: 18.05; M: 22.2; B: 27.78.
Sturmey, R.G. and Leese H.J., 2003 Fluorescence Pig Oocytes
Embryos:1–4, M, B, XB
Oxygen, pyruvate and glucose consumptions, and lactate production Oxygen: O: 6.9–9.16; 1–8 cells: 5.6–7.78; M: 3.33; B: 16.11; XB: 5
Glucose: O: 1.3; 1–8 cells: 0.6–0.8; M: 2, B: 4.8; XB: 2.8.
Lactate: O: 1.5±0.5; 1–8 cells: 0.5–1.4; M: 2±0.2; B: 2.2±0.3; XB: 3.3±0.5
Guerif et al., 2013 Fluorescence Cow Embryos: 2–8 cells, M, B, XB, HB glucose and pyruvate consumptions, and lactate production Glucose:2–8 cells: 0.65–0.72; M: 2±0.36; B: 3.975±0.32; XB:9.5±0.5; HB: 15.63±0.8
Lactate:2–8 cells: 0.46–1; M:4.08±0.33; B: 6.56±0.39; XB: 14.2±0.66; HB:23.8±1.24
Thompson, J.G. et al. 1996 Fluorescence Cow Embryos: 1–8 cells, 16 cells M, M, B glucose and pyruvate and oxygen consumptions, and lactate production Glucose:1–8 cells: 0.417–0.86; 16 cells M: 0.83±0.11; M: 2.94±0.91; B: 4.05±0.25.
Lactate:1–8 cells: 0.306–1.27; 16 cells M: 1.72±0.38; M:--, B: 8.86±1.27.
Oxygen:1–8 cells:0.067–0.052; 16 cells M: 0.075±0.016; M: 0.1±0.01; B:0.25±0.036
Sugimura, S. et al., 2012 SECM Cow Oocytes Oxygen consumption Up to 8
Date, Y. et al., 2011 Electrochemical (Amperometry) Mouse Embryos/ two cells, M, B Oxygen consumption Two cells: 1.36±0.33
M:1.38±0.58
B: 3.44±2.07
Wu, C., et al., 2007 Electrochemical (Amperometry) Cow Embryos/ M Oxygen consumption 3.77 ± 0.11 to 7.36 ± 0.29
This work Electrochemical (Amperometry) Cow Embryos: 8–32, M, B, XB, HB Glucose and oxygen consumptions, and lactate production Glucose: 8–32:1.123±0.23; M:1.648±0.23; B:2.26 ± 0.26; XB:2.92 ± 0.49; HB:.5.63±0.55.
Lactate:8–32:1.528±0.24; M:2.169±0.19; B:2.77±0.27; XB:3.74±0.5; HB:6.96±0.66.
Oxygen: 8–32 cells: 0.765±0.2; M: 1.178±0.15; B: 1.484±0.3; XB: 1.94±0.3; HB: 3.58±0.37