Table 1:
Comparison between different systems that measure metabolic activity in oocytes and embryos at different stages such as: 1–32 cells, morula (M), blastocyst (B), expanded blastocyst (XB), and hatched blastocyst (HB).
| Reference | Method | Species | Sample type/stage | Analytes assessed | Range detected per stage (fmol/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gardner, D.K. and Leese, H.J., 1986 | Ultramicrofluorescence | Mouse | Embryos: 1–8 cells, M, B | Glucose and pyruvate consumption | Glucose: 1-cell: 0.027; 2–8 cells: 0.083; M: 0.42; B:1.11. |
| Gardner, D.K. and Leese, H.J., 1990 | Ultramicrofluorometric | Mouse | Embryos: B | Glucose consumption and lactate production | Glucose:1.2±0.05 |
| Lactate: 2.18±0.16 | |||||
| Lane, M. and Gardner, D.K., 1996 | Microfluorescence | Mouse | Embryos: blastocyst | Glucose consumption | 1.1–2 |
| Gardner, D.K. et al. 1993 | Microfluorescence | Sheep | Oocytes (O) Embryos:2–16 cells, M, B, HB | Pyruvate and glucose consumptions | Glucose: O and 2–8: 0.28; 16: 1.67; M: 3.94; B:6.14; HB: 15.1 |
| Lane, M. et al. 2001 | Microfluorometry | Horse | Embryos: M, B, XB | Pyruvate and glucose consumptions, and lactate production | Glucose: M: 41.5–51.8; B:56.6–102.9; XB: 35–201.47. |
| Lactate: M: 56.25–65.3; B: 60.2–82.13; XB: 110.17–261.63 | |||||
| Gardner, D.K. et al. 2001 | Ultramicrofluorescence | Human | Embryos: B | Pyruvate and glucose consumptions | Glucose: 34.9 |
| Gardner, D.K. et al. 2011 | Microfluorimetry | Human | Embryos: B | Glucose consumption | 14–50 |
| Hardy, K. et al. 1989 | Fluorescence | Human | Embryos | Glucose consumption | 2.2–6.6 |
| Gott, A.L. et al. 1990 | Fluorescence | Human | Embryos: 2–16, M, B | Pyruvate and glucose consumptions, and lactate production | Glucose: 2–16 cells: 3.33; 32 cells: 3.61; M: 5; B: 12.5. |
| Lactate: 2–16 cells: 11.67, 32 cells: 18.05; M: 22.2; B: 27.78. | |||||
| Sturmey, R.G. and Leese H.J., 2003 | Fluorescence | Pig | Oocytes Embryos:1–4, M, B, XB |
Oxygen, pyruvate and glucose consumptions, and lactate production | Oxygen: O: 6.9–9.16; 1–8 cells: 5.6–7.78; M: 3.33; B: 16.11; XB: 5 |
| Glucose: O: 1.3; 1–8 cells: 0.6–0.8; M: 2, B: 4.8; XB: 2.8. | |||||
| Lactate: O: 1.5±0.5; 1–8 cells: 0.5–1.4; M: 2±0.2; B: 2.2±0.3; XB: 3.3±0.5 | |||||
| Guerif et al., 2013 | Fluorescence | Cow | Embryos: 2–8 cells, M, B, XB, HB | glucose and pyruvate consumptions, and lactate production | Glucose:2–8 cells: 0.65–0.72; M: 2±0.36; B: 3.975±0.32; XB:9.5±0.5; HB: 15.63±0.8 |
| Lactate:2–8 cells: 0.46–1; M:4.08±0.33; B: 6.56±0.39; XB: 14.2±0.66; HB:23.8±1.24 | |||||
| Thompson, J.G. et al. 1996 | Fluorescence | Cow | Embryos: 1–8 cells, 16 cells M, M, B | glucose and pyruvate and oxygen consumptions, and lactate production | Glucose:1–8 cells: 0.417–0.86; 16 cells M: 0.83±0.11; M: 2.94±0.91; B: 4.05±0.25. |
| Lactate:1–8 cells: 0.306–1.27; 16 cells M: 1.72±0.38; M:--, B: 8.86±1.27. | |||||
| Oxygen:1–8 cells:0.067–0.052; 16 cells M: 0.075±0.016; M: 0.1±0.01; B:0.25±0.036 | |||||
| Sugimura, S. et al., 2012 | SECM | Cow | Oocytes | Oxygen consumption | Up to 8 |
| Date, Y. et al., 2011 | Electrochemical (Amperometry) | Mouse | Embryos/ two cells, M, B | Oxygen consumption | Two cells: 1.36±0.33 |
| M:1.38±0.58 | |||||
| B: 3.44±2.07 | |||||
| Wu, C., et al., 2007 | Electrochemical (Amperometry) | Cow | Embryos/ M | Oxygen consumption | 3.77 ± 0.11 to 7.36 ± 0.29 |
| This work | Electrochemical (Amperometry) | Cow | Embryos: 8–32, M, B, XB, HB | Glucose and oxygen consumptions, and lactate production | Glucose: 8–32:1.123±0.23; M:1.648±0.23; B:2.26 ± 0.26; XB:2.92 ± 0.49; HB:.5.63±0.55. |
| Lactate:8–32:1.528±0.24; M:2.169±0.19; B:2.77±0.27; XB:3.74±0.5; HB:6.96±0.66. | |||||
| Oxygen: 8–32 cells: 0.765±0.2; M: 1.178±0.15; B: 1.484±0.3; XB: 1.94±0.3; HB: 3.58±0.37 |