Table 2:

Adjusted Odds of Infant and Child Immune Activation by Delivery Mode^a

	Infants				Children
	Any symptomb	Diarrhea	Respiratoryc Symptoms	Elevated CRP (>2mg/L)	Any symptom	GI infectiond	Respiratory Symptoms	Elevated CRP (>2mg/L)
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Caesarean delivery	0.11 (0.06, 2.29)	0.38 (0.04, 3.85)	0.48 (0.05, 4.52)	0.25 (0.01, 4.06)	1.44 (0.60, 3.47)	2.33 (.90,6.02)*	0.96 (0.39, 2.39)	1.58 (0.63, 3.95)
Age	1.10 (0.88, 1.01)	0.93 (0.74, 1.15)	1.05 (0.86, 1.29)	0.99 (0.80, 1.21)	0.91 (0.78, 1.05)	1.01 (0.85, 1.19)	0.85 (0.73, 0.98)	0.98 (0.81, 1.18)
Any formula	2.72 (.25, 29.0)	1.65 (0.16, 16.57)	2.65 (0.30, 23.29)	0.73 (0.06, 9.81)	1.57 (0.71, 3.44)	2.55 (1.06, 6.11)*	1.64 (0.75, 3.57)	2.01 (0.79, 5.09)
Stuntede	--	--	--	--	0.53 (0.12, 2.40)	0.38 (0.05, 2.72)	1.95 (0.41, 9.16)	0.41 (0.05, 3.50)
Clean Bathwaterf	0.51 (0.04, 6..44)	0.59 (0.07, 4.96)	0.87 (0.12, 6.26)	0.36 (0.02, 6.35)	0.57 (0.17, 1.88)	0.54 (0.19, 1.53)	3.24 (0.87, 12.11)*	0.37 (0.13,1.04)*
Household size	0.67 (0.30, 1.51)	1.09 (0.72, 1.67)	0.93 (0.61, 1.41)	1.44 (0.68, 3.06)	0.91 (0.73, 1.13)	0.84 (0.63, 1.11)	0.87 (0.71, 1.08)	1.15 (0.91, 1.45)

^*p<0.05

^aResults for logistic regression models for each morbidity outcome separately; models in children additionally account for clustering by household.

^bIncludes maternal report of symptoms including fever, diarrhea, cough/cold, flu, vomiting and rash, over the past 2 weeks

^cIncludes cough, cold and flu symptoms

^dIncludes diarrhea, vomiting and fever

^e<−2 SD length-for-age for infants or height-for-age in children

^fDefined as bathing in boiled, filtered or bottled water (vs. tap water) for infants and indoor bathing (vs. outdoors) for children