Table 3.

Differences in Microbiota Taxa in Infants and Children^a

	Infants		Children
	Phyla	Order	Phyla	Order
	Firmicutes (β)	Bacteroidales (β)	Proteobacteria (β)	Enterobacteriales (β)	Pseudomonadales (β)	Clostridiales (β)
Caesarean delivery	0.184*	−0.260*	0.030*	0.022*	0.006	−0.058
Age	−0.014	0.013	−0.003	−0.003	−0.001	0.023
Any Formula	0.043	−0.016	0.022*	0.012	0.009*	−0.073*
Stuntedb	0.418*	−0.127	−0.003	−0.003	0.001	0.002
Clean Bathwaterc	−0.013	0.013	−0.007	−0.002	0.008	0.071
Household Size	0.039	−0.016	−0.001	0.000	−0.001	−0.017*

^*Indicates p-value < 0.05

^aResults for regression models for each taxa separately; models in children additionally account for clustering by household.

^b<−2 SD length-for-age for infants or height-for-age in children

^cDefined as bathing in boiled, filtered or bottled water (vs. tap water) for infants and indoor bathing (vs. outdoors) for children