Table 4:
Migration effect: Fixed effects regression results for the impact of migration on child health, by migration destination 2008-2013 MHM/MLSFH
| Model 1- Child health | Model 2- Child characteristics | Model 3- Children, mothers, households | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. | 95% CI | Coef. | 95% CI | Coef. | 95% CI | |
| Children’s characteristics | ||||||
| Migration destination | ||||||
| Non-migrant (reference) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Rural-rural migrant | −0.34 | −0.655- −0.019 | −0.34 | −0.655- −0.020 | −0.14 | −0.426-0.152 |
| Rural-town migrant | −0.13 | −0.661-0.379 | −0.13 | −0.648-0.396 | 0.00 | −0.423-0.429 |
| Rural-urban migrant | −0.72 | −1.038- −0.534 | −0.72 | −0.957- −0.485 | −0.36 | −0.973-0.259 |
| Level of education | ||||||
| None (reference) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ||
| Primary | 0.08 | −0.226-0.394 | 0.03 | −0.276-0.340 | ||
| Secondary | −0.10 | −0.643-0.451 | 0.12 | −0.380-0.616 | ||
| Slept in household last night | −0.04 | −0.307-0.219 | 0.00 | −0.270-0.276 | ||
| Mother characteristics | ||||||
| Mother’s health | 0.43 | 0.300-0.565 | ||||
| Number of children | −0.05 | −0.208-0.098 | ||||
| Mother’s marital status | ||||||
| Currently married (reference) | ---- | ---- | ||||
| Divorced/separated | −0.12 | −0.727-0.491 | ||||
| Widowed | 0.01 | −0.686-0.715 | ||||
| Mother’s education | ||||||
| None (reference) | ---- | ---- | ||||
| Primary | −0.14 | −0.475-0.203 | ||||
| Secondary or higher | −0.52 | −1.187-0.156 | ||||
| Mother HIV infected | −0.34 | −1.153-0.474 | ||||
| Household characteristics | ||||||
| Household wealth | −0.06 | −0.147-0.028 | ||||
| Father co-resides in household | 0.11 | −0.418-0.631 | ||||
| Survey wave/year | 0.66 | 0.485-0.837 | 0.64 | 0.444-0.829 | 0.37 | 0.145-0.600 |
| N= | 757 children, 387 mothers/households | |||||
Notes: standard errors are clustered by mother/household; instances where 95% CIs do not overlap with 1 are in bold font. Other measures such as the number of people who provide assistance (financial and non-financial) to the mother, and number of lifetime marriages were not associated with the outcome and were dropped from the final analyses. Sex is dropped from fixed effects regression because it is time-invariant; age (for mother and child) is also dropped because there is no variation across respondents in fixed effects regression.