Fig. 1.

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of Nepeta genus plants. a Shown at top is the leaf extract collected with hexane, and below are the three synthetic standards of the parasitoid pheromones for Leptopilina boulardi wasps, each odor of which has been shown to be aversive in several Drosophila species within the subgenus Sophophora, including D. suzukii adults and larvae (Ebrahim et al. 2015). There was no retention time or mass spectral overlap between Nepeta plant extracts and synthetic parasitoid compounds; however, Nepeta plants did contain high amounts of two unidentified isomers of nepetalactone. In total we tested 7 different species within this genus of plant, but did not find any matches for the parasitoid odors. b Mass spectra for the two main isomers of nepetalactone found in these plants