γH2AX and other markers of stress and DNA damage were elevated in HK-2 cells after PMB treatment. HK-2 cells were either untreated (-ve) or treated for 2, 4, 6, 8 h at 25 μM PMB and analyzed by western blotting using antibodies for (A) γH2AX, (B) p-Chk1, (C) CHOP, and (D) BiP. All data are presented as mean ± SD in triplicate.