Table 5.
Univariable analysis and the final baseline and baseline plus 6-week follow-up linear multivariable models for the 6month TUG score
| Variable | Univariable analysis | Final multivariable baseline model | Final multivariable baseline plus 6-week follow-up model | |||
| β coefficient (95% CI) |
P value | β coefficient (95% CI) |
P value | β coefficient (95% CI) |
P value | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| Constant | 24.86 (−0.31, 50.03) | 0.05 | 51.72 (29.34 to 74.11) | <0.001 | ||
| Preinjury OMAS score | −0.38 (−0.45 to 0.30) | <0.001 | −0.09 (−0.19, 0.0007) | 0.05 | ||
| Alcohol consumed per week (units) | −0.24 (−0.38 to 0.10) | 0.001 | ||||
| EQ-5D-3L VAS Score (postinjury) | −0.12 (−0.18 to 0.06) | <0.001 | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.006) | 0.08 | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.02 | |||
| Female | 5.64 (2.51 to 8.78) | 3.61 (0.93 to 6.29) | 3.30 (0.57 to 6.03) | |||
| Walking distance* | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| >0.5 mile | −19.67 (−22.80 to 16.53) | −12.26 (−15.87 to 8.65) | −9.90 (−13.30 to 6.50) | |||
| Walking aid | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 19.00 (15.35 to 22.64) | 7.67 (3.34 to 11.99) | 6.10 (2.35 to 9.85) | |||
| Smoking status† | 0.33 | 0.04 | ||||
| Ex-smoker | −0.06 (−5.11, 4.99) | −1.26 (−5.48, 2.96) | ||||
| Never | −2.15 (−7.10, 2.81) | −3.93 (−8.07, 0.21) | ||||
| Health status‡ | <0.001 | |||||
| Very good | 1.62 (−1.84, 5.07) | |||||
| Good | 7.68 (3.90 to 11.46) | |||||
| Fair | 18.08 (12.70 to 23.47) | |||||
| Poor | 23.27 (6.60 to 39.94) | |||||
| Patient age | 0.79 (0.61 to 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.36 (0.18 to 0.54) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.20 to 0.54) | <0.001 |
| MMSE | −2.15 (−2.75 to 1.54) | <0.001 | −0.89 (−1.46 to 0.32) | 0.002 | −1.35 (−1.91 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| EQ-5D-3L VAS Score (day before injury) | −0.35 (−0.43 to 0.26) | <0.001 | ||||
| EQ-5D-3L score (day before injury) | −21.22 (−28.46 to 13.97) | <0.001 | 6.73 (−0.99, 14.44) | 0.09 | ||
| EQ-5D-3L score (postinjury) | −8.48 (−13.92 to 3.03) | 0.002 | ||||
| Number of comorbidities | 3.43 (2.34 to 4.46) | <0.001 | ||||
| Fracture pattern | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||
| Weber C | 4.61 (0.46 to 8.76) | 3.97 (0.44 to 7.50) | ||||
| Admitted from§ | 0.67 | |||||
| Warden accommodation | 0.82 (−11.44, 13.07) | |||||
| Acute hospital | 6.72 (−17.66, 31.11) | |||||
| Community hospital | −0.50 (−24.89, 23.89) | |||||
| Temporary residence | −9.53 (−22.62, 3.56) | |||||
| Treatment received¶ | 0.35 | |||||
| ORIF | −0.94 (−3.75, 1.87) | |||||
| Other | 4.95 (−3.41, 13.31) | |||||
| Home support** | 0.03 | |||||
| Live alone or with someone | −15.40 (−29.47 to 1.34) | |||||
| Additional 6 week variables | ||||||
| 6-week EQ-5D-3L VAS | −0.24 (−0.32 to 0.16) | <0.001 | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.00) | 0.05 | ||
| Readmission to hospital | 0.06 | 0.03 | ||||
| Yes | −4.83 (−9.81, 0.15) | −4.49 (−8.60 to 0.38) | ||||
| Started partial weight bearing | 0.96 | |||||
| Yes | 0.08 (−2.77, 2.92) | |||||
| Radiological malalignment present | 0.24 | |||||
| Yes | −1.73 (−4.59 1.13) | |||||
| Range of injured ankle motion dorsiflexion | −0.005 (−0.16, 0.15) | 0.95 | ||||
| Range of injured ankle motion plantar flexion | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.12) | 0.83 | ||||
| 6-week OMAS | −0.13 (−0.22 to 0.04) | 0.005 | ||||
| 6-week EQ-5D-3L score | −23.76 (−29.46 to 18.06) | <0.001 | −11.11 (−16.13 to 6.09) | <0.001 | ||
*Reference category for walking distance is ‘<0.5 mile’.
†Reference category for smoking status is ‘Current smoker’.
‡Reference category for health status is ‘Excellent’.
§Reference category for admitted from is ‘Own home’.
¶Reference category for treatment received from is ‘CCC’.
**Reference category for home support is ‘live with care or has external care support’.
NB, EQ-5D-3L VAS Score (postinjury) omitted from final model by backward selection and correlation with 6-week score.
MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; OMAS, Olerud and Molander Ankle Scale; ORIF, Open Reduction and Internal Fixation; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale