Table 5.

Changes in fat mass during pregnancy and early postpartum by pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG categories

		Total gain Trimester 3–Trimester 1 (kg)			Loss Postpartum–Trimester 3 (kg)			Retention Postpartum–Trimester 1 (kg)
		n	Mean±SD	P value	n	Mean±SD	P value	n	Mean±SD	P value
Pre-pregnancy* BMI	Underweight		NA	0.01	46	−2.49±2.60†	0.003		NA	<0.05
	Normal	199	4.18±2.36†		878	−2.35±2.59†		199	2.22±2.94†
	Overweight	56	3.93±2.99†		268	−2.05±3.38†		54	2.57±3.92†
	Obese	42	2.20±3.87‡		135	−0.87±3.79‡		48	0.79±4.53‡
GWG categories*	Below	50	2.48±1.94†	<0.001	44	1.02±2.42†	0.002	44	1.01±2.42†	0.028
	Met	80	2.77±2.59†		71	1.50±3.42‡		77	1.51±3.42†
	Exceeded	128	5.05±2.64‡		120	3.07±3.35‡		134	3.07±3.35‡
Interactions * Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG				NS			0.55			0.74

*Two-way ANOVA and post hoc estimation by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

†,‡Values with different superscripts are different from each other within a column.

ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; GWG, gestational weight gain; NA, not applicable, due to small sample size (n=6); NS, statistically not significant.