Table 1.

Some of the secondary metabolites produced in the plant cell, tissue and organ in vitro cultures

Secondary metabolite	Plant source(s)	In vitro production	Medicinal use(s)	Reference(s)
Artemisinin	Artemesia annua	C, SH, SE, ET, THR, UTHR	Anti-malarial	[296]
Camptothecin	Camptotheca acuminata, Nothapodytes nimmoniana, many members of the family Icacinaceae, and many other plant species from unrelated families	C, SH, SE, THR, UTHR	Anti-cancer	[297–303]
Codeine	Papaver somniferum	C, SH, SE, UTHR	Sedative	[304–309]
Robustaquinones	Cinchona robusta	C	Anti-malarial, numerous bioactivities	[310–313]
Securinine alkaloids	Securinega suffruticosa	C, SH	Cytotoxicity, anti-alzheimer and many bioactivities	[314–316]
Ajmaline	Rauvolfia serpentina	C, SH, SE, THR, UTHR	Anti-hypertension	[317, 318]
Diosgenin	Dioscorea deltoidea	C, SH, SE, THR, UTHR	Steroidal precursor	[319–324]
l-Ephedrine	Ephedra sinica, Ephedra genus members	C, SH, S, UTHR	Diatary supplement	[325–330]
Ellipticine	Orchrosia elliptica	C, SH	Anti-cancer	[331–333]
Bacosides	Bacopa monnieri	C, SH, THR	Neuroprotective and many bioactivities	[334–339]
Altamisine	Ambrosia tenuifolia	C, SH	Numerous bioactivities	[340]
Matrines	Sophora species	C, SH	Anti-cancer, many bioactivities	[341]
Rosmarinic acid	Salvia miltiorrhiza	C, SH, SE, ET, THR, UTHR	Anti-oxidant, anti-microbial	[342]
Rohitukine	Dysoxylum binectariferum	C, EN	Anti-cancer, numerous bioactivities	[343, 344]
Stevioside	Stevia rebaudiana	C, SH, SE	Sweetener	[345–349]