Table 3.
Knowledge of the health risks (KHR) of smoking overall and by country (n=6011)
| Health Effect |
Overall |
Germany |
Greece |
Spain |
Romania |
Hungary |
Poland |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per cent who agreed (SE) | |||||||
| Active smoking | |||||||
| Heart disease | 82.7 (1.0) | 81.9 (2.8) | 94.9 (1.1) | 81.9 (2.5) | 87.7 (1.6) | 67.0 (3.1) | 82.7 (2.6) |
| Impotence | 56.1 (1.3) | 50.2 (3.5) | 61.7 (3.0) | 53.7 (2.9) | 64.3 (2.6) | 54.7 (3.3) | 52.0 (3.3) |
| Lung cancer | 90.0 (0.7) | 89.8 (2.6) | 96.1 (0.8) | 93.1 (1.8) | 90.2 (1.2) | 83.4 (1.9) | 87.4 (1.9) |
| Blindness | 34.7 (1.2) | 23.8 (2.6) | 33.0 (3.1) | 24.4 (3.2) | 57.6 (2.8) | 35.7 (3.3) | 33.9 (2.8) |
| Mouth cancer | 78.0 (0.9) | 71.3 (3.0) | 85.3 (1.6) | 84.7 (2.0) | 76.7 (2.0) | 70.7 (2.6) | 79.3 (2.4) |
| Throat cancer | 83.1 (0.9) | 82.3 (2.8) | 88.0 (1.4) | 78.5 (2.3) | 88.6 (1.3) | 76.7 (2.3) | 84.8 (2.2) |
| Stroke | 65.2 (1.1) | 71.5 (3.2) | 68.6 (2.6) | 56.4 (2.9) | 78.1 (1.8) | 55.6 (3.0) | 61.0 (2.9) |
| Emphysema | 72.5 (1.1) | 68.7 (2.9) | 78.6 (2.1) | 75.2 (2.5) | 66.2 (3.1) | 69.1 (2.8) | 77.2 (2.8) |
| Bronchitis | 79.5 (1.0) | 77.4 (2.7) | 88.4 (1.7) | 92.2 (1.7) | 80.8 (1.7) | 68.2 (3.0) | 69.7 (3.0) |
| Secondhand smoke | |||||||
| Lung cancer | 68.2 (1.2) | 58.4 (3.4) | 70.1 (3.1) | 67.3 (3.6) | 82.3 (1.7) | 57.9 (3.2) | 72.8 (2.7) |
| Heart attacks | 56.3 (1.3) | 41.1 (3.4) | 63.2 (3.2) | 51.3 (3.7) | 73.4 (2.4) | 43.5 (3.5) | 65.1 (3.0) |
| Asthma in children | 68.5 (1.2) | 59.8 (3.6) | 73.8 (2.8) | 68.2 (2.7) | 78.9 (2.0) | 63.9 (3.2) | 66.5 (2.8) |
| Mean (SE) | |||||||
| KHR Indexa | -0.046 (0.220) | -1.154 (0.662) | 1.614 (0.371) | -0.110 (0.514) | 1.868 (0.435) | -2.029 (0.610) | 0.002 (0.583) |
SE: standard error.
a
KHR Index, calculated using z scores