Table 5.
Effects of warning labels and Label Impact Index (LII) scores overall and by country (n=6011)
| Variable |
Overall |
Germany |
Greece |
Spain |
Romania |
Hungary |
Poland |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |
| Noticing | 38.3 (1.1) | 30.7 (2.7) | 21.4 (2.4) | 36.6 (3.0) | 56.5 (2.8) | 25.2 (2.6) | 59.2 (2.9) |
| Reading | 20.2 (0.9) | 11.5 (1.5) | 21.9 (2.5) | 12.6 (1.2) | 37.6 (2.9) | 15.0 (2.3) | 20.7 (2.4) |
| Thoughts | 5.6 (0.4) | 4.7 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.0) | 12.8 (1.3) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.9) |
| Quitting | 4.0 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.6) | 10.6 (1.3) | 1.4 (0.5) | 3.9 (1.0) |
| Foregoing | 15.4 (0.8) | 10.3 (1.5) | 13.5 (1.7) | 14.2 (2.2) | 14.5 (1.7) | 18.3 (2.3) | 21.6 (2.6) |
| Avoidance | 13.3 (0.7) | 9.9 (1.4) | 14.2 (1.6) | 19.9 (1.9) | 16.5 (2.0) | 9.2 (1.8) | 10.4 (1.6) |
| Saw quitting supports | |||||||
| Helpline numberb | 24.0 (1.0) | 28.6 (2.3) | 6.5 (1.3) | 19.2 (2.4) | 36.3 (2.6) | 21.8 (3.0) | 31.4 (2.4) |
| Quitting websiteb | 15.2 (0.8) | 20.9 (2.1) | 5.4 (1.1) | 15.7 (1.7) | 17.9 (1.9) | 14.8 (2.3) | 16.4 (1.9) |
| Health Information | |||||||
| Want more | 14.4 (0.7) | 8.4 (1.3) | 23.5 (2.1) | 14.9 (1.7) | 25.1 (2.2) | 3.0 (0.6) | 11.9 (1.3) |
| Want the same | 63.1 (1.1) | 46.5 (3.0) | 63.8 (2.7) | 61.2 (2.3) | 60.6 (2.7) | 72.2 (2.7) | 74.3 (2.1) |
| Want less | 18.3 (0.9) | 40.0 (3.0) | 10.9 (1.7) | 18.8 (2.0) | 11.1 (1.3) | 21.9 (2.5) | 7.3 (1.4) |
| Mean Score (SE) | |||||||
| Label Impact Index (LII) | -0.071 (0.147) | -1.090 (0.327) | -0.335 (0.364) | -0.378 (0.318) | 1.519 (0.343) | -0.650 (0.378) | 0.507 (0.422) |
Label Impact Index (LII) is a composite measure that weights and standardizes scores for four of the six label effects indicators based on non-dichotomized data (i.e. original four/five-point scales). LII = (NOTICING × 1) + (THOUGHTS × 2) + (QUITTING × 2) + (FORGOING × 3). Higher scores indicate greater impact.