Table 6.
Predictors of the Label Impact Index (LII) (results of linear regression analysis)
| Variable |
Germany |
Greece |
Spain |
Romania |
Hungary |
Poland |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | ||||||
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–24 | 1.11 | -0.20 | 1.01 | -2.27** | -1.08 | 0.07 |
| (-0.29, 2.52) | (-1.88,1.49) | (-1.44, 3.45) | (-3.69, -0.84) | (-3.45,1.28) | (-2.28, 2.42) | |
| 25–39 | 0.50 | 1.52* | -1.09 | -0.82 | 1.14 | -1.31* |
| (-0.58, 1.58) | (0.27, 2.78) | (-2.47, 0.30) | (-2.25, 0.61) | (-0.30, 2.59) | (-2.34, -0.27) | |
| 40–54 | 0.40 | 1.30 | -0.05 | 0.46 | -0.26 | -0.41 |
| (-0.44, 1.24) | (-0.09, 2.70) | (1.66, 1.56) | (-0.90, 1.82) | (-1.61, 1.09) | (-1.68, 0.85) | |
| > 54 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | -0.57 | -0.02 | -0.91 | -0.64 | -0.61 | -1.19** |
| (-1.20, 0.06) | (-0.83, 0.80) | (-1.88, 0.06) | (-1.67, 0.40) | (-1.35, 0.14) | (-1.95, -0.43) | |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Urbanization degree | ||||||
| Urban | 1.66* | -1.13 | -0.51 | -0.73 | 0.11 | 0.97 |
| (0.16, 3.17) | (-3.57, 1.32) | (-3.14, 2.13) | (-2.13, 0.67) | (-1.95, 2.17) | (-0.93, 2.88) | |
| Semi-urban | 0.23 | -0.25 | 0.46 | 0.05 | -0.310 | 0.34 |
| (-1.08-1.54) | (-2.06, 1.55) | (-2.11, 3.03) | (-1.71, 1.81) | (-2.26, 1.64) | (-1.68, 2.36) | |
| Rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Education | ||||||
| Low | -1.17 | -1.05 | -0.38 | -0.88 | -1.45 | -1.97* |
| (-2.90, 0.57) | (-2.53, 0.42) | (2.46, 1.70) | (-2.63, 0.88) | (-4.27, 1.36) | (-3.91, -0.03) | |
| Medium | -1.19 | -0.30 | 0.38 | -0.31 | -1.36 | 0.71 |
| (-3.16, 0.79) | (-1.58, 0.98) | (-1.59, 2.34) | (-1.82, 1.20) | (-4.26, 1.52) | (-0.87, 2.29) | |
| High | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Income | ||||||
| Low | -0.05 | 0.94 | 0.74 | 1.68* | 0.87 | -0.01 |
| (-1.28, 1.18) | (-0.50, 2.39) | (-1.04, 2.52) | (0.18, 3.18) | (-0.76, 2.50) | (-1.88, 1.87) | |
| Medium | -0.05 | 1.29 | 1.41 | 0.86 | 1.22 | -0.17 |
| (-0.94, 0.84) | (-0.07, 2.66) | (-0.28, 3.10) | (-0.27, 2.00) | (-0.21, 2.66) | (-1.50,1.17) | |
| High | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Cigarettes/day | ||||||
| 1–10 | 2.90** | 1.83** | 1.80 | 2.97* | 4.27** | 2.91** |
| (1.14, 4.65) | (0.49, 3.18) | (-0.16, 3.75) | (0.03, 5.92) | (1.78, 6.75) | (1.19, 4.63) | |
| 11–20 | 1.46 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.01 | 2.28 | 2.76** |
| (-0.05, 2.97) | (-0.18, 2.04) | (-0.88, 2.79) | (-1.67, 3.70) | (-0.27, 4.58) | (1.17, 4.35) | |
| 21–30 | 0.92 | 0.24 | 0.32 | -0.39 | 1.26 | 1.49 |
| (-0.70, 2.55) | (-1.47, 1.94) | (-1.77, 2.40) | (-3.25, 2.49) | (-1.89, 4.43) | (-0.63, 3.60) | |
| >30 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Missing cases were excluded from the analysis. Ref: indicates the reference group in the linear regression analyses.
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***p<0.001.