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. 2019 Jul 12;8(14):e011994. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.011994

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© 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Cathepsin S deficiency (CatS^−/−) alleviated injury‐induced neointimal formation in the mice subjected to chronic stress. A, Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining images of right and left carotid arteries of wild‐type (CatS^+/+) and CatS^−/− stressed mice. B and C, Quantitative data showing the neointimal areas and the ratio of neointima area/media area in injured arteries of the 2 experimental groups. Bar=100 μm. The results are mean±SEM (n=5–7). NS indicates no significance. ***P<0.01 vs CatS^+/+ group by 1‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc tests or Student t test.